Vol 18, No 1 (2019)

The article considers issues of regulation of postmortem organ donorship in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The analysis is presented concerning application of the most significant concepts of the Russian law of medical care regulating postmortem organ donorship. The justification of given a more accurate specification to «medical service» concept is proposed.

The article presents results of medical and sociological study carried out with purpose of exploring social characteristics of patients of municipal polyclinics in Rostov-on-Don. The derived results were compared with opinions of patients about their own health status, as well as with their perception of dispensarization. The results of the study demonstrated that mostly the patient of municipal polyclinic is characterized as woman (68.2%), aged 65 years and older (22.4%) or 18-25 years (19.1%), with higher education (51.1%) and married (55.9%). The social status of typical female patient of municipal polyclinic is worker (41.6%) or retired person (30.9%), considering her health condition to be rather poor than good (74.5%). The average rate of annual appealability to municipal polyclinic is 3.9 ± 0.3 times per year. At that, high level of patient compliance (78.6% and inadequate awareness of possibilities of dispensarization, including its purpose and tasks (only 24.7% passed dispensarization in 2018-2019) is established. The level of awareness of dispensarization program is related to age of patient (65 years and older), rate of visits to medical organization (municipal polyclinic), awareness of health maintenance and promotion.

The article considers issues of population attitude to programs of transplantation and donorship of human organs. The comparative analysis is presented concerning awareness of issues of modern development of transplantology, attitude to national legislation of organ donorship and readiness for personal support of postmortem organ donorship among University students in Russia and Germany. The necessity of informing activities is emphasized since population attitude determines success of the National programs of transplantation and donorship of human organs.

The article considers concepts of Moscow residents related to the issue of «ideal» family. The generalized character of the «ideal» family in view of respondents is presented as follows: complete family with two children living in their own apartment, family relationship is based on love, mutual assistance, support, mutual understanding, domestic duties are distributed fairly and taking into account «female» and «male» types of domestic life. Furthermore, both parents are working and devote their free time to children. At that, joint leisure is mostly organized as active rest (walks, travel, sports). The study established serious gap between factual characteristics of transformation of social institution of family at present stage (increasing numbers of divorces and single parenthood, leveling of family values, decreasing of numbers of children in family, wide range of problems of modern family) and perceptions by respondents of the «ideal» family as it is. It is noted that perception of respondents of the «ideal» family may indicate preservation of value of family as social (and vital) construct. This perception also may act as intentional sources of motivation and striving for achievement of the «ideal» of family relations.

The issue of digital technologies implementation in practice of health care becomes one of the priorities in the conditions of resources deficiency. The digitalization of health care system is economically expedient as it allows achieving particular medical and social results without significant infrastructural investments. The on-line communication possesses significant potential in this regard. The digital health care using on-line communication democratizes access to medical services and allows to qualitatively remodel the existing model of interaction between patient and health care system. In the sociology of medicine, the sociology of rehabilitation is selected to investigate such issues as social and organizational context of rehabilitation, social orientation of medical care, role of health care personnel and other interested specialists. The article substantiates the efficiency of on-line communication in management of rehabilitation of patients as exemplified by the Monitoring and Feedback System designed and introduced in the Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery of V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University.

In the Russian Federation, the technology platform «Medicine of the future» is specifically identified in the sector of digital economics. In the «Medicine and health care» sector, diagnostic systems based on molecular and cellular targets, genomic, post-genomic and cellular technologies are singled out. In the «Pharmaceutical industry" sector, the breakthrough areas include such innovative pharmaceuticals as vaccines (DNA vaccines), hormonal agents, coagulation factors, drugs based on cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, drugs for demographically significant diseases, antiseptics. In the sector of «Production of new materials» the priority targets is development of nano-technology and nano-materials and technologies of elaboration of bio-compatible materials. The main target is training and retraining of personnel in digital medicine skills, organization of national technological platforms for on-line education, on-line medicine and adjustment of existing and development of new educational programs. The social alterations resulting due to health care digitalization are associated with transformation of the structure of labor market of medical personnel, giving rise to emergence of new medical professions at the scientific research junction. The social perspectives of health care digitalization reflect formation of «knowledge society», development of information society and digital economics as a whole, development of competitive technologies and services in medicine. The world expert community, implementing sociological and socio-economic research, confirms that digitalization of medicine and economics gave rise to the ideology of «Social Investment» («Impact Investing», or, otherwise, «investment in social effect»). The digitalization of health care and economics has led to the need of developing new civilizational paradigm, to the necessity of human dimension of technological and economic processes. The positive social changes caused by development of digital medicine, do not exclude the emergence of social risks, manifested in possible violation of privacy, patients' rights, reducing level of security and dangerous dehumanization of society, reducing the value of patient as individual in conditions of development of biomedicine and genetic engineering as areas of digital medicine.