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No 4 (2024)
- Year: 2024
- Published: 19.09.2024
- Articles: 8
- URL: https://rjsocmed.com/0869-7922/issue/view/9776
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2024-32-4
Original articles
Forecast of emergency situations with the spillage of liquid rocket fuel components in the territory for the disposal of chemically hazardous substances
Abstract
Introduction. Liquid fuel includes two main components – fuel and oxidizer. Common liquid rocket fuels components are highly toxic compounds – heptyl (asymmetric dimethylhydrazine) and amyl (nitrogen tetraoxide). The calculation of emergency scenarios with the spill of liquid rocket fuel components on the terrain is intended for operational forecasting of the scale of pollution, optimization of work in the zone of chemical contamination and the development of a system for providing medical care to the population in case of an extreme situation.
Material and methods. The article presents scenarios of emergency situations with the spill of liquid rocket fuel components on the territory of chemically hazardous facilities and during transportation.
Results. The calculation of the distribution of approximate concentrations at spills in an open area of nitrogen tetroxide (NT) and asymmetric dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) is investigated. The received scenarios of emergency situations indicate the possibility of distribution of toxic concentrations: at the level of CL50 within 1 km at the UDMH spill from 0.5 to 10 tons, NT – from 0.1 to 5 tons; at the level of 1/10 CL50 – threshold toxodose (concentration) at a distance of 0.5–0.7 km at the UDMH spill 0.5–1.0 t, and NT – up to 1 t.
Limitations. When studying emergency scenarios with the spillage of liquid rocket fuel components in the territory, an assessment was made of the distribution of approximate concentrations of components according to the regulatory document on the methodology for predicting the extent of contamination of highly toxic substances in accidents (destruction) at chemically hazardous facilities and transportation.
Conclusion. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the population living within a radius of more than 2 km from the accident site may suffer from the spread of liquid rocket fuel components, which depends on the volume of the spill, the type of emergency hazardous chemicals and the wind direction in the chemical damage zone.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the Biomedical ethics committee or other documents.
Authors contribution:
Kucherskaya T.I. – data collection and processing, writing the article;
Gulmamedov E.Yu., Polyakov A.D. – data collection and processing, editing;
Kombarova M.Yu. – the concept and design of the study.
All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Funding: The study had no sponsorship.
Accepted: February 28, 2024 / Received: July 10, 2024 / Published: August 30, 2024
201-208
The effect of rehabilitation measures on the severity of endotoxicosis and its relationship with changes in hemorheology in acute poisoning
Abstract
Introduction. The use of multidimensional statistical analysis methods (factorial and cluster methods) to study the pathogenesis and sanogenesis of acute poisoning (AP) with psychopharmacological agents (pPPhA), neurotoxicants (pNT) and corrosive substances (pCS) did not allow us to judge the presence of a direct connection between the hemorhealogy system (HR). We received a positive answer to this question earlier with the help of pair correlation analysis (PCA).
New data on the sanogenetic effect of the applied methods of rehabilitation treatment in terms of changes in the indicators of HR and endotoxicosis (ET) and the relationship between them are also interesting.
The purpose of the work is to assess the initial state of the indicators of HR and ET and the effect on them of a combination of medicinal and non–medicinal products used as part of rehabilitation measures for AP.
Material and methods. Paired correlation analysis of the block structure of the obtained correlation matrices was applied to 52 patients with severe pPPhA, pNT and pCS. This analysis established the relationship between two indicators – both before the start of rehabilitation measures (the use of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate, laser hemotherapy, hyperbaric oxygenation and mesodiencephalic modulation in accordance with the type of AP), and after their completion, before the discharge of patients from the hospital.
Results. Statistically significant correlations were established between the indicators of HR and ET both before the start of treatment (0.44–0.94, without sign) and after its completion (0.49–0.99, without sign), which allowed us to confirm at a higher level a direct link between the development of HR and ET disorders, as well as to draw a conclusion about the sanogenetic effect of rehabilitation treatment.
Limitations. The study has no limitations for further use of this methodological approach.
Conclusion. The obtained data can serve as a justification for the introduction into practice of the proposed methods of mathematical analysis of the results of treatment measures.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.
Authors’ contribution:
Goldfarb Yu.S. – concept and design of the study, interpretation of the results of the study, writing, editing;
Elkov A.N. – statistical processing, interpretation of the results of the study;
Badalyan A.V. – examination of patients within the framework of the study design, participation in writing and editing;
Potshveria M.M. – participation in the interpretation of the data obtained, editing;
Bitkova E.E. – performing the laboratory part of the study within the framework of the study design, processing and interpretation of laboratory data.
All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Funding. The study had no sponsorship.
Accepted: June 5, 2024 / Received: July 10, 2024 / Published: August 30, 2024
209-223
Peptidergic and adenosinergic drugs administration to comatose patients caused by alcohol consumption on early hospital period
Abstract
Introduction. Medical care for patients diagnosed with the toxic effect of ethanol (according to ICD-10 code T51.0) it turns out to be in specialized toxicological centers or in emergency departments of multidisciplinary hospitals. The purpose of this study was to study the effectiveness of the drug моликсан® (molixаn) at different levels of medical care for patients diagnosed with the toxic effect of ethanol.
Material and method. 128 patients were included in the study, of which 76 patients were taken to the emergency department of St. Petersburg State Medical Institution "Alexandrovskaya Hospital" and 52 patients were taken to the intensive care unit No. 11 of the St. Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Emergency Medicine named after I.I. Dzhanelidze. All patients met the inclusion criteria: age 18–60 years; impaired consciousness of alcoholic genesis 21–30 points on the Glasgow–Pittsburgh coma scale (PBSS: Pittsburg Brain Stem Score, Kelsey S.F., et al. 1991); ethanol concentration in the blood is more than 2.5%. 72 patients were included in the моликсан® group, 56 patients in the Placebo group.
Results. The use of the drug моликсан® has a positive effect on the dynamics of restoring the level of consciousness, which is reflected in higher values of the Glasgow–Pittsburgh scale after 1, 3 and 6 hours from the start of therapy (p<0.01), reducing the period of stay of the patient in a coma from 150 [75; 178] minutes to 60 [50; 161.5] minutes (p<0.05) and restoration of consciousness to a clear level after 3.5± 0.3 hours (p<0.05).It was also revealed, that in the group of patients using моликсан®, normalization of heart rate (p<0.05) and a decrease in the frequency and severity of tremor (p<0.05) were noted. The hepatoprotective efficacy of моликсан® was shown, which manifested itself in a decrease in ALT, AST, GGTP, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin (p<0.001).
Limitations. The clinical efficacy of моликсан® in the toxic effects of severe ethanol was carried out in patients with depression of consciousness and elevated levels of ALT, AST, GGTP, alkaline phosphatase, total and direct bilirubin, which indicated the presence of alcoholic hepatopathy.
Conclusion. The conducted study showed the expediency of using моликсан® at a dosage of 3.0 mg/kg intravenously with the toxic effect of ethanol of moderate and severe severity of the disease.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study was performed in compliance with the ethical principles of conducting medical research with the participation of people as subjects of research in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical Principles of conducting Scientific medical research with human participation" as amended in 2013 and the "Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation", approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 dated 06/19/2003. Each participant The researcher gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form.
Authors contribution:
Buzanov D.V., Shikalova I.A. – concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, analysis and interpretation of data, text writing;
Lodyagin A.N. – concept and design of the study, data analysis and interpretation, editing;
Batocirenov B.V. – analysis and interpretation of data;
Afanasiev V.V. – concept and design of the study, literature analysis, analysis and interpretation of data.
All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Funding. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: February 28, 2024 / Accepted: July 10, 2024 / Published: August 30, 2024
224-232
Clinical case of colchicum poisoning
Abstract
Introduction. Autumn colchicum or crocus is a popular plant among gardeners, characterized by early beautiful flowering, but few people know that it is poisonous. Acute colchicum poisoning is a dangerous urgent clinical situation with high mortality rates. By disrupting cell division, colchicum venom leads to multiple organ failure and death in just a few days. However, colchicum extract in small doses is often used in modern medicine to treat various diseases, due to its high antimitotic and moderate anti-inflammatory activity. The article describes the clinical observation of a patient admitted to the toxicology department after a suicide attempt using a crocus flower, containing the alkaloid colchicine. The results of laboratory and pathological studies are presented.
Clinical observation. A clinical case of acute crocus poisoning with the development of hemodynamic disorders, dyspeptic syndrome, respiratory failure, cytolysis syndrome, and oliguria is presented. Treatment was aimed at restoring organ functions and consisted of infusion, detoxification, and hemostatic therapy.
Limitations. To carry out this scientific work, a study was conducted within the framework of only one clinical case committed on the territory of the Udmurt Republic. In this case report, there was no comparison group or observation group. The described documents were provided by the Budgetary Health Institution of the Udmurt Republic “City Clinical Hospital no. 6” of the Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic and the Budgetary Health Institution of the Udmurt Republic “Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Ministry of Health of the Udmurt Republic” by prior agreement.
Conclusion. Colchicum poisoning is a rare and extremely severe pathology, leading to multiple organ failure, agranulocytosis and death. Considering the rapid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and the initial symptoms in the form of gastrointestinal lesion syndrome, early diagnosis in the absence of anamnesis is difficult, therefore, it is necessary to highlight the issues of diagnosing this poisoning, as well as the study and implementation of modern methods of treating colchicine poisoning.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study was performed in compliance with the ethical principles of conducting medical research with the participation of people as subjects of research in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association “Ethical Principles of conducting Scientific medical research with human participation” as amended in 2013 and the “Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 dated 06/19/2003.
Authors’ contributions. All co-authors made equal contributions to the research and preparation of the article for publication.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Funding. The study has no sponsorship.
Received: February 28, 2024 / Accepted: July 10, 2024 / Published: August 30, 2024
233-238
Ecological Toxicology
The influence of the composition and origin of ash and slag waste from coal generation on the response of organisms used in biotesting
Abstract
Introduction. Different conditions of origin of ash and slag wastes has a significant impact on their final properties.
Material and methods. The work is devoted to the search and establishment of dependencies of the influence of the origin of ash and slag waste on their chemical and biological parameters by a comprehensive assessment of the results of the impact of ash and slag waste on the vital signs of hydrobionts.
Results. The values of the responses of hydrobionts for ash and slag wastes formed from coals of various origins were investigated. The component composition of aqueous extracts from the studied ash slag samples was evaluated. The dependences of the influence of the conditions of origin of ash and slag wastes on their final chemical and biological properties were established.
Limitations. An assessment of the biological and chemical properties of ash and slag waste generated during the combustion of coal from six different deposits was carried out. The total volume was 95 samples.
Conclusion. Ash and slag wastes formed from the burning of brown coals have the most pronounced toxic effect on hydrobionts, unlike ash and slag from coal.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the conclusion of an ethics committee.
Authors’ contributions:
Morozov A.D. – the collection and processing of the material, writing a text;
Gorlenko A.S. – the concept and design of the study, editing;
Lunegova L.I. – statistical analysis;
Yakovlev A.S. – editing.
All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Funding. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: December 29, 2023 / Accepted: July 10, 2024 / Published: August 30, 2024
239-247
Research methods
Development of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometric technique for the biological control of volatile industrial pollutants
Abstract
Introduction. General industrial pollutants, which includes volatile industrial pollutants (VIP) allyl chloride, butyl chloride, chloroacetonitrile, pentachloroethane, hexachloroethane, trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, 2-nitropropane, nitrobenzene , diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and carbon disulfide are widely used in the domestic chemical industry, but effective methods for the quantitative determination of their biomarkers in the biological media of chemical production workers have not yet been developed.
The purpose of the study is to develop a highly sensitive gas chromatographic technique for the determination of compounds of the VIP group in whole blood and urine for their biological control, and its testing using modeling of intoxication in laboratory animals.
Material and methods. Experimental modeling of intoxication was carried out with subcutaneous (s/c) injection of toxicants to male chinchilla rabbits. Determination of biomarkers of toxicants was performed using a gas chromatograph with a single quadrupole mass analyzer (GC-MS) with preliminary extraction of components from the vapor phase above the sample by solid-phase microextraction.
Results. A method for the determination of allyl chloride, butyl chloride, chloroacetonitrile, pentachloroethane, hexachloroethane, trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, 2-nitropropane, nitrobenzene, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and carbon disulfide in blood and urine was developed and metrologically certified. The achieved limits of quantification are no more than 1 ng/ml with a detection limit of 0.2 ng/ml in blood and urine.
Limitations. Toxicokinetic parameters were experimentally determined on one animal species; allometric scaling was used for extrapolation to humans.
Conclusion. Analysis of the results of the assessment of the expected concentrations of VIP in blood and urine shows that biological control in the working area at the level of 0.5 MPC can be carried out for carbon disulfide, diethyl ether, butyl chloride, 1,4-dichlorobutene-2 and tetrahydrofuran in the study of blood and urine; methacrylonitrile and hexachloroethane (the lower value of the determination limit) – in the study of urine only.
The developed approaches to substantiate methods of biological control of harmful substances are a scientific and methodological platform for the introduction of biological MPC and ensuring the chemical safety of the Russian Federation.
Compliance with ethical standards. conclusion No. 2 of the local ethical committee of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology” FMBA of Russia dated October 5, 2018 was received.
Authors contribution:
Ukolov A.I. – performing measurements and research, writing the text of the article;
Barinov V.A. – processing of results;
Radilov A.S. – editing.
All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest
Funding. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: December 17, 2023 /Accepted: July 10, 2024 / Published: August 30, 2024
248-254
Chemical safety
Chemical safety assessment and classification of the danger of endocrine disruptors
255-260
Congresses, conferences, meetings, seminars
261-262
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 81728 от 11 декабря 2013.