编号 6 (2019)

Toxicological Review. 2019;(6):2

TOXICITY AND HAZARD OF PHTHALATES (Literature review)

Shkaeva I., Solntseva S., Nikulina O., Nikolaev A., Dulov S., Zemlyanoy A.

摘要

The analysis of literature data on toxicity and hazard of phthalic acid derivatives is carried out. It is shown that phthalates are widely used in various industries as plasticizers. With a single intake, phthalates, as a rule, are lowtoxic and low-hazard substances. Repeated exposure to these compounds leads to their accumulation in the body, having a polytropic effect with damage to the liver, kidneys, lungs, as well as embryotoxic and gonadotoxic effect. It is shown that the studied phthalates are dangerous for workers exposed to aerosols in the air of industrial premises. Based on the results of the analysis and summary of the literature, the following main conclusions are made. For an objective assessment of the danger of phthalic acid derivatives it is necessary to study the toxic effect of these compounds in subacute and chronic experiments. Establishing a hazard class for phthalates based only on the study of acute toxicity can lead to wrong conclusions with negative consequences for the health and lives of staff and the public.

Toxicological Review. 2019;(6):3-9

3-9

MODEL BIOMEMBRANES AS TEST OBJECTS FOR DETERMINING THE CONCENTRATION RANGE OF CHEMICALS WITHOUT DESTROING THE BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS

Alekseeva O., Krementsova A., Krivandin A., Shatalova O., Kim Y.

摘要

The paper presents data on changes in model biomembranes (liposomes, erythrocyte shadows, erythrocytes) used as test objects for determining those areas of concentrations of biologically active substances in which these is no violation of the structure or function of experimental objects. As biologically active substances synthetic ones were selected: plant growth regulator-melafen used in small doses in pre-sowing seed treatment and antioxidant derivatives -phenosan, phenoxan and Ihfans. It was shown by DSC method that phenosan derivatives in concentrations equal to 10-5 M and more destroy microdomain organization in bilayers of phospholipid multilamellar liposomes and reform protein microdomains in the shadows of erythrocytes. Melafen in small and large concentrations changes polymodally the microdomain organization in the bilayers of phospholipid multilamellar liposomes without destroying the structure and does not affect the protein microdomains in the shadows. Spectral analysis revealed an increase in membrane permeability in isolated whole erythrocytes under the action of melafen in large and small concentrations. The method of small-angle diffraction scattering showed the absence of melafen influence in a wide range of concentrations on the thickness of phospholipid bilayers and the order of their packing in multilamellar liposomes.

Toxicological Review. 2019;(6):10-27

10-27

ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF ADEMETIONINE UNDER ADMINISTRATION OF ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS IN TOXIC DOSES TO RATS

Usov K., Gus’kova T., Jushkov G.

摘要

The article presents the results of the experimental toxicological study on the use of ademetionine as an antioxidant defense in rats under administration of anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Toxicological Review. 2019;(6):28-32

28-32

REDUCTION OF NEPHROTOXICITY BY PERITONEAL DIALYSIS WITH ADDITION OF SODIUM HYDROCARBONATE DURING POISONING WITH URANIUM ACETATE DIHYDRATE IN RAT

Sivak K., Savateeva-Lyubimova T., Gus’kova T., Guseinov R.

摘要

The article presents the results of an experimental study on rats’ poisoning with uranyl acetate dihydrate (1 DL50). The aim of this work was to investigate the effectiveness to the sodium bicarbonate additive to the composition of the solution for peritoneal dialysis in relation to uranium clearance and survival of rats. The procedure of peritoneal dialysis was carried out in the “acute” mode in 1 day for 5 hours. Each rat received a total of 6 abdominal fillings and 6 ultrafiltration drains. The differences for pH Δ=1.71, EC Δ=5055 µS / cm and TDS Δ=2527 mg / L have been observed by addition of sodium bicarbonate (B, 1.5%) to the standard solution. The administration of solution B led to an increase in the rate of peritoneal clearance of uranium PCl 238U by 276.2% (p=0.0286, MannWhitney criterion) compared to standard solution A without sodium bicarbonate. The dynamics of ultrafiltration were characterized by a linear growth from 1 to 3 sessions (the slope of the linear regression is 70°) to an exit to the plateau by 3 sessions. The URR was 65.4% in the 1st day, 65% in the 3rd day, and 69.1% in the 7th day. The results of the Mantel-Cox test have showed that peritoneal dialysis with the addition of sodium bicarbonate as an antidote (solution B) contributed to a significant increase in postdialysis survival of rats (p=0.0018 compared to the negative control group, p=0.0425 compared to dialysis solution A).

Toxicological Review. 2019;(6):33-38

33-38

ASSESSMENT OF CARCINOGENIC RISK TO PUBLIC HEALTH WHEN USING GROUNDWATER WITH HIGH ARSENIC CONTENT AS SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN

Abdulmutalimova T.

摘要

Hygienic assessment of drinking groundwater used for drinking water supply by the population of the Northern part of the Republic of Dagestan for several decades has been carried out. The content of arsenic in drinking water sources was found to be up to 50 times higher than the permissible WHO standard. The use of regional factors of water consumption allowed to calculate individual and population carcinogenic risks to the population during long-term use of groundwater for drinking water supply. It was shown that the individual carcinogenic risk was 4,3E-4 at the minimum concentration of 0,01 mg/L; 2,1E-2 at the maximum concentration of 0,5 mg/L, and 6,0E-3 at the average value of 0,14 mg/L, respectively. The identified levels of lifetime individual carcinogenic risks (over 70 years) exceed the «acceptable» (target) level of 10-5 and are assessed as unacceptable for the preservation of public health. For the exposed population of the studied regions of Northern Dagestan (309,7 thousand) the values of population annual carcinogenic risks, reflecting the additional (to the background) number of cases of malignant neoplasms that can occur during the year, ranged from 1 to 95 cases. The results of this study allowed to identify areas with high levels of arsenic in drinking water and to identify the exposed part of the population for the implementation of measures to reduce the risk. To assess the population’s exposure and establish a link between exposure to arsenic and its accumulation in humans, the biomonitoring has been conducted, the results of which allowed to identify the correlation between arsenic content in hair of residents and it’s exhibited content in consumed drinking water.

Toxicological Review. 2019;(6):39-44

39-44

HMOX1 GENE EXPRESSION IN THE LIVER OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL TETRACHLOROMETHANE HEPATITIS AND ITS CHANGE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF HEPATOPROTECTORS

Mukhammadieva G., Karimov D., Bakirov A., Kutlina T., Valova Y., Kudoyarov E., Khusnutdinova N.

摘要

The article presents the comparative effect of hepatoprotective drugs (heptral, mexidol and methyluracil) on the expression of the HMOX1 gene in toxic liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Studies were performed on 70 male white outbred rats. Changes in the expression of the HMOX1 gene were more pronounced 72 hours after administration of CCl 4. However, under the influence of drugs, changes in expression multiplicity were most marked after 24 hours. The expression of the HMOX1 gene increased in response to all these treatments. The most pronounced response was obtained with the use of oxymethyluracil. Thus, under the toxic action of CCl4 hepatoprotective drugs enhanced protective and adaptive mechanisms, inducing the activity and expression of the HMOX1 gene.

Toxicological Review. 2019;(6):45-49

45-49

SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF HYGIENIC REGULATIONS OF PICOLINAPHENE CONTENT IN HUMAN ENVIRONMENT

Hrynchak V., Ilyukova I., Sychik S.

摘要

Based on the available literature data, a comprehensive toxicological and hygienic assessment of picolinaphene, a new little-studied active ingredient of plant protection products used for selective destruction of plants, has been carried out. According to the accepted classification, picolinaphene can be assigned to hazard class 3 (moderately hazardous compound) with the general toxic limiting sign. As a result of the assessment, the hygienic regulations of the active substance in the human environment are scientifically substantiated: the tentative safe level of exposure in the air of the working area is 0,6 mg/m3, the tentative safe level of exposure in the air (average daily) is 0,004 mg/m3, the tentative permissible level in the water of water bodies is 0,07 mg/dm3, the tentative permissible concentration in the soil is 0,4 mg/kg, the temporary allowable daily dose is 0,015 mg/kg, and the temporary maximum allowable level of residual amounts of picolinaphene in grain crops is 0,2 mg/kg.

Toxicological Review. 2019;(6):50-55

50-55

DIRECT DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENT OF MERCURY AND LEAD IN THE BLOOD OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND THE INFLUENCE OF THEIR LEVEL ON THE TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY IN EARLY TERMS

Zubakina E., Ivanenko N., Stolyarova N., Ganeev A., Каshuro V., Baibuz D., Bezruchko M.

摘要

A methodological approach for the direct determination of mercury in the blood using analyzer RA-915 with pyrolytic decomposition of the sample has been developed. The detection limit of the proposed technique is 0,5 µg/L with the relative standard deviation not exceeding 10%. To determine the lead content, the previously created method of direct lead determination in the blood has been used.
In the second stage of the study, biomonitoring of pregnant women has been carried out in order to identify the relationship between the termination of pregnancy in early terms with the content of mercury and lead in women’s blood. The study involved 25 women with a diagnosis of non-developing pregnancy, and 47 women from the control group.
As a result of the conducted studies, it has been found that the contents of mercury and lead in women with nondeveloping pregnancy were almost 25% higher.

Toxicological Review. 2019;(6):56-61

56-61

Congresses, conferences, meetings, seminars

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ≪HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT≫ NOVEMBER 14-15, 2019, MINSK (REPUBLIC OF BELARUS)

Khamidulina K.

摘要

Toxicological Review. 2019;(6):62

List of publications in the journal

LIST OF WRITINGS PUBLISHED IN ≪TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW≫ IN 2019

Editorial a.

摘要

Toxicological Review. 2019;(6):63-64

63-64