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No 6 (2024)
Articles
Editor-in-chief's column
Abstract
От всей души поздравляю с наступающим Новым 2025 годом и выражаю глубокую признательность за вклад каждого из Вас в развитие нашего журнала!
Мы многое сделали вместе в уходящем году!
Организационная и финансовая поддержка в лице учредителя, подготовка и рецензирование статей, редакторская и корректорская работа, кропотливый и методичный труд по работе с рецензентами и авторами, поддержка высокого научного уровня статей, укрепление международного уровня журнала, своевременная техническая поддержка – всё это привело к определённым успехам.
Так рейтинг журнала, по данным РИНЦ, поднялся на 300 позиций и составляет 1269 в общем рейтинге SCIENCE INDEX и 1254 по результатам общественной экспертизы. В этом году журнал вошёл в Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) и ядро РИНЦ, как журнал, соответствующий высоким научным стандартам, что является критерием определённого уровня качества научных статей. Следующим шагом планируется включение журнала в международные индексируемые базы данных.
Хотелось бы отметить использование электронной редакции в процессе редакторской деятельности журнала, что облегчает и упорядочивает общение с авторами и рецензентами, позволяет автоматизировать поэтапный процесс подачи статьей, осуществляет автоматическою проверку статей в системе Антиплагиат, облегчает взаимодействие между сотрудниками редакции, формирует отчёты по статистике редакции, обеспечивает прозрачность редакционного процесса.
Существенно обновился и состав редакционного совета в текущем году. В него вошли как маститые международные учёные, так и молодые креативные силы, открывающие новые горизонты в профессиональном развитии журнала.
Регулярное проведение конкурса работ молодых учёных и специалистов позволяет организовывать на площадке журнала привлечение перспективных учёных, живое активное общение, обмен профессиональными мнениями. Очень надеюсь, что и в дальнейшем мы будем поддерживать этот уровень.
Позвольте пожелать Вам крепкого здоровья, творческого подъёма и вдохновения, энергии, оптимизма и возможностей для реализации всех Ваших идей и проектов!
Пусть Ваши научные труды принесут большую пользу стране и обществу, а наш журнал будет авторитетной площадкой для партнёрства, дискуссий, обмена опытом, плодотворного сотрудничества!
Выражаю искреннюю благодарность дружной команде журнала за созидательный труд, профессионализм, упорство и преданность общему делу, которые позволяют нам регулярно получать удовольствие от проделанной работы!
Пусть Новый год станет генератором новых, интересных, неординарных мыслей и наполнит нашу научную жизнь актуальными исследованиями и востребованными результатами!
Главный редактор Х.Х. Хамидулина
335-335
Original articles
Morphofunctional changes in the animal organisms under oral exposure to anatoxin-a in subchronic experimental settings
Abstract
Introduction. Anatoxin-a (2-acetyl-9-azabicyclo[4.2.1]non-2-ene) produced by blue-green algae of the genera Dolichospermum (Anabaena), Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermum, Oscillatoria, Planktothrix and Raphidiopsis, which are widely spread in the reservoir waters, including those serving as drinking water supply sources for the population. At the same time, the lack of information on the toxic effect of low doses of anatoxin-a (ATX-a) on the morphofunctional condition of warm-blooded animals’ internal organs under prolonged oral intake into the body remains poorly researched.
The aim of the research was to study morphofunctional changes in internal organs under the influence of anatoxin-a on the white rat bodies at intragastric intake in subchronic pilot experiments.
Material and methods. ATX-a as a certified reference sample in 1% acetic acid solution was dosed daily to male white rats in doses of 0.01; 0.1 and 1.0 µg/kg for 90 days. Morphofunctional changes in 13 internal organs were assessed: thyroid gland, thymus, heart, lung, stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, ileum, colon, kidney, adrenal glands, testes.
Results. It was established that administration of ATX-a in the animals’ body at a dose of 1.0 µg/kg b.w. was followed by significant changes in the same organs compared to the control: testes (2.7-fold increase in the number of spermatogenic cells in some seminal tubules), thymus (4-fold increase in the proportion of lipomatous areas), stomach (3.5-fold increase in hypersecretion of intrinsic glands, 4-fold – disturbance of borders between mucosa and submucosa, 2.7 times – thinning of connective tissue fibres), colon (hypersecretion and 2.4 times increase of blood vessels), pancreas (2.3 times increase of Langerhans islets fibrosis). When exposed to ATX-a at doses of 0.1 and 1.0 µg/kg b.w. in the adrenal glands, an increase in ectopy by 3.3 and 2.5 times, respectively, compared to the control was observed.
Limitations. The study is limited by the intragastric intake conditions and the use of one species and sex of warm-blooded animals in the experiment.
Conclusion. Morphofunctional changes were revealed in the testes, thymus, stomach, colon, pancreas, adrenal glands of white rats under oral exposure to ATX-a in a subchronic experiment.
Compliance with ethical standards. A positive conclusion was received from the Commission on Biomedical Ethics of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science “Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman” (Protocol No. 03/22 dated 11/21/2022).
Authors contribution:
Sinitsyna O.O. – concept and design of research, data processing, writing and editing of text;
Turbinskii V.V. – concept and design of research, text editing;
Pushkareva M.V., Kuz N.V. – collection and data processing, text editing;
Masaltsev G.V., Shiryaeva M.A., Ryashentseva T.M., Vostrikova M.V. – data collection and processing;
Valtseva E.A. – mathematical processing of research results.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the article, the approval of the final version of the article.
Funding. The study had no sponsorship.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Accepted: July 08, 2024 / Revised: August 26, 2024 / Received: November 12, 2024 / Published: December 28, 2024
336-347
Evaluation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cyprodinil in vitro
Abstract
Introduction. Cyprodinil is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide of the anilinopyrimidine class. Available literature data on the genotoxicity of this pesticide are contradictory.
The aim of the work is to study the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of ciprodinil.
Material and methods. The mutation activity of cyprodinil was assessed in the Ames test. The level of DNA fragmentation in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by conducting alkaline gel electrophoresis of individual cells (DNA comet assay). Cell viability was assessed using a TC20 cell counter (BioRad). The ADAMII LS automated fluorescent cell analyzer (Nano Entek) was used to determine the pathways of cell death.
Results. Cyprodinil has a cytotoxic effect on S. typhimurium bacterial cells starting from a concentration of 1.6 mg/ cup under metabolic activation conditions and at concentrations of 0.5 mg/cup and higher in the absence of the S9 mixture. No mutagenic effect was detected in the Ames test. The level of DNA breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes (%, Tail Intensity) increased compared to the control after their cultivation in a medium with cyprodinil at a concentration of 100 µg/ml in the absence of metabolic activation. In this case, 70 to 95% of the cells died by apoptosis and necrosis.
Limitations. The study is limited to in vitro cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of cyprodinil only.
Conclusion. Cyprodinil does not have a genotoxic effect. The observed increase in the level of DNA breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro in the presence of cyprodinil is a consequence of the general toxic effect, which can lead to the destruction of cellular structures, the release of enzymes, including endonucleases, causing DNA breaks.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Centre of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman, Rospotrebnadzor (Protocol No. 1, September 29, 2020). All participants gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study.
Authors contribution:
Gorenskaya O.V. – collecting and processing of data; statistical analysis; analysis of the results; writing the text;
Egorova O.V. – concept and design of the study; collecting and processing of data; analysis of the results; writing the text;
Averyanova N.S., Kotnova A.P. – the collection of data;
Ilyushina N.A. – concept and design of the study; collecting and processing of data; analysis of the results; writing the text; editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Acknowledgements. The authors express their gratitude to Bioline LLC and personally to Eduard Mingazov for the opportunity to conduct the study on the assessment of cytotoxic effects using the automatic fluorescent cell analyzer ADAMII LS, Nano Entek, obtained under a free lease agreement.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Funding. The study had no sponsorship.
Accepted: October 9, 2024 / Revised: November 8, 2024 / Received: November 12, 2024 / Published: December 28, 2024
348-356
Potential transformations of arsenic forms in fish during cooking processing: a case study of Russian sturgeon
Abstract
Introduction. A wide range of arsenic compounds, including inorganic arsenic, is found in fish and marine organisms. Fish is stored and/or processed (frozen, dried, salted) and is typically consumed after cooking processing, such as frying or boiling. Storage and processing of fish can potentially alter the concentration and/or structure of arsenic compounds. It is noted that from a food safety perspective, it is important to study the impact of cooking processing on the behaviour (transformation) of arsenic compounds in seafood.
The aim of the study is to assess the redistribution of arsenic compounds in fish during freezing, salting and various thermal processing, using the example of the Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii.
Material and methods. The study objects were samples of Russian sturgeon fillets, farmed in aquaculture. The quantitative determination of arsenic-containing substances was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Sample preparation was performed using microwave methods.
Results. The study determined the total arsenic content in sturgeon fillets at various storage times at a temperature of minus 18 °C. Additionally, the study resulted in obtaining and comparing the concentrations of arsenic (organic and inorganic compounds) in sturgeon fillets, both in their original (chilled) state and after certain types of culinary processing. It was found that depending on the type of culinary processing, the ratio of arsenic forms can significantly change.
Limitations. The determination of arsenic concentration was conducted on a specific type of fish – the Russian sturgeon, which belongs to the sturgeon family, is farmed in natural and artificial conditions, and is considered a delicacy fish sold in commercial enterprises.
Conclusion. Any impact, whether individual (such as adding salt) or complex (salt and increased temperature), on fish leads to ambiguous effects, resulting in noticeable transformations in the forms of arsenic existence.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.
Contribution of the authors:
Bondareva L.G. – concept and design of the study, writing the text, data collection and processing;
Fedorova N.E. – concept and design of the study, editing;
Rodionov A.S. – data collection and processing, statistical analysis, writing the text, literature data collection;
Sinitskaya T.A. – formulation of the overall concept.
All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.
Funding. The study had no sponsorship.
Conflict of interests. Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Accepted: October 18, 2024 / Received: November 12, 2024 / Published: December 28, 2024
357-363
Research methods
Analytical control of pesticide residues in food safety assessment
Abstract
Introduction. The reliability of the analytical control results is directly related to the methods of sample preparation and measurement used. Suppression/amplification of the signal of the test substance in the presence of matrix components is one of the main problems in the analysis of complex samples.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability of different calibration approaches in the determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in food products intended for baby food.
Material and methods. The objects of the study were samples of baby food products belonging to various product groups. The subject of analytical control was organochlorine substances included in the list of pesticides prohibited for use in the production of baby food products. The measurements were performed using the tandem gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method, sample preparation was performed using the QuEChERS method.
Results. Comparison of data obtained by calibration using an external standard on a solvent and by calibration using an external standard matched to the matrix shows that both calibration options demonstrate a high correlation coefficient, however, the signal intensity on the chromatograms with matrix calibration is significantly higher for dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor, and its metabolite heptachlor epoxide. With respect to aldrin, a significant (more than 20%) signal increase is observed only in fruit and vegetable products.
Limitations. The study was conducted on individual samples of food products for baby food, belonging to a number of product groups.
Conclusion. Signal amplification/suppression is directly related to the structure and physical and chemical properties of the substance and the nature of the analyzed matrix. Using solvent calibration can overestimate the results by dozens of times and lead to unjustified conclusions about the non-compliance of the studied product with safety requirements.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the approval of the Biomedical ethics committee or other documents.
Contribution of the authors. All co-authors made an equal contribution to the research and preparation of the article for publication.
Funding. The study had no sponsorship.
Conflict of interests. Authors declare no conflict of interests.
Accepted: October 13, 2024 / Revised: October 29, 2024 / Accepted: November 12, 2024 / Published: December 28, 2024
364-370
A new approach to determination of the herbicide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid in soil
Abstract
Introduction. Due to the tightening of the hygienic indicator of permissible concentration in soil for herbicide based on phenoxyacetic acid derivative (MCPA) from 0.04 mg/kg to 0.003 mg/kg, it became necessary to optimize analytical approaches to its determination.
The aim of the study is to develop a modern method for determining MCPA in soil using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS), simplifying the previous technique by changing sample preparation and excluding the process of substance derivatization before analysis.
Materials and methods. Determination was conducted by tandem liquid mass spectrometry with triple quadrupole mass detector (HPLC-MS/MS) in multiple reaction monitoring mode, using electrospray ionization as an ion source. The substance was extracted from soil samples with sodium hydroxide solution followed by acidification with hydrochloric acid to pH 3. Further purification of the extract was carried out on a solid-phase extraction cartridge based on a copolymer of divinylbenzene and N-vinylpyrrolidone.
Results. The method was validated on standard soil samples of three different soil types by means of additions “applied-found”. It was possible to set the level of the lower limit of MCPA quantification at 0.001 mg/kg (with a set MPC value of 0.003 mg/kg).
Limitations. The development was carried out using standard soil samples of three types available to the laboratory.
Conclusion. The developed method included in the Register of certified methods. The approach proposed in the method allows analyzing a larger number of samples in less time and can be used in monitoring studies of MCPA residues in soil. Fast and sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method allowed to significantly reduce the sample preparation time in comparison with other gas-liquid chromatography methods, excluding the stage of derivatization of the substance into methyl ether.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the Biomedical Ethics Committee or other documents is required.
Author contribution:
Grechina M.S. – the concept and design of the study, the collection and processing of the material, statistical analysis, writing a text, editing;
Belitskaya V.V. – the collection and processing of the material, statistical analysis, writing a text, editing.
All co-authors – approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.
Conflict of interest. Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Funding. The study had no sponsorship.
Accepted: Jule 7, 2024 / Received: November 12, 2024 / Published: December 28, 2024
371-378
Congresses, conferences, meetings, seminars
Fifth meeting of the intergovernmental negotiating committee on the development of the international legally binding treaty on plastic pollution, including in the marine environment (inc-5)
Abstract
378-378
Index of articles
379-380
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 81728 от 11 декабря 2013.