During the Soviet period, there was no specialised toxicological journal in the country, and the journal Pharmacology and Toxicology, published since 1938, published mainly pharmacological papers. In 1991, toxicology disappeared from the journal's title altogether, thus putting an end to the possibility of publishing scientific toxicological works in a specialised journal.

In 1992 in the Russian Federation, for the first time in the country, a system of State Registration of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances was established, as well as a specialised institution, the Russian Register of Potentially Hazardous Chemical and Biological Substances. As a result of favourable circumstances it was decided to start publishing the journal "Toxicological Bulletin", the first issue of which was published in June 1993. The editorial board of the journal included leading toxicologists from Russia and the Commonwealth countries. Significant support in the creation of the journal was provided by the then existing State Committee of Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance represented by the Chairman E.N. Belyaev and the First Deputy Chairman of the State Committee of Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. Belyaev and First Deputy S.V. Semyonov.

Since its foundation, the journal has been headed by: B.A. Kurlyandsky - Editor-in-Chief, since 2018 by H.H. Khamidulina.