Vol 100, No 8 (2021)

In the modern world, the principles and methods of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)) are the recognised basis for the development of Medicine despite the existing barriers to its implementation. EBM was formed and developed within the framework of its medical direction. In preventive medicine, the adoption of the term EBM was not accompanied by the development of appropriate definitions, standards, methods, and regulatory documents. This article discusses the problems and prospects for the development of EBM in hygienic science and practice. The authors conducted an independent screening of the frequency of publications on Preventive Medicine using the terms and provisions of EBM over the past ten years in the RSCI and MEDLINE (PubMed). The number of publications in English — language sources was found to exceed domestic ones by 45.5-139 times on all issues of EBM. In the RSCI, publications related to EBM in the preventive direction of Medicine accounted for 28 % of the total publications on EBM, in MEDLINE — 45 percentage. The data obtained indicate a more occasional use of the principles of EBM in domestic Medicine, especially in relation to preventive Medicine. Taking into account the experience of EBM in clinical Medicine, the article defines EBM, presents the stages of the EBM methodology, a variant of the hierarchy of evidence, and ideal characteristics of surrogate outcomes for preventive Medicine. For most hygiene problems, systematic reviews and meta-analyses will be the most evidence-based. The use of EBM was indicated to be impossible without understanding the fundamental principles and the correct application of biostatistics. Approaches to the classification, evaluation, development, and examination of clinical practice guidelines based on the principles of EBM, abroad and in Russia, and the possibility of their use for regulatory and methodological documents to ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being are considered.

Contribution:

Karelin A.O. — the concept and design of the research, collection and processing of material, writing the text, еditing;

Yeremin G.B. — collection and processing of material, writing the text.

All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship. 

Introduction. The problematic environmental situation in the industrialized territories requires precise management decisions to ensure the excellent quality of atmospheric air to protect public health. Information on the atmospheric air quality is based on data from various monitoring systems: socio- hygienic, environmental, production control, as well as the results of control measures carried out by Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) and Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation (Rosprirodnadzor)).

Materials and methods. The analysis of normative permissible emissions, sanitary protection zones projects, the results of socio-hygienic and environmental monitoring, production control, as well as carried out own laboratory, and instrumental laboratory studies of 130 samples of atmospheric air in the sanitary protection zone of the chemical industry enterprise and the nearest residential area. The research was based on the North-West Public Health Research Centre and the chemical-analytical centre “Arbitrage”, D.I. Mendeleev Research Institute for metrology.

Results. According to various monitoring systems and the results of own research, on the territory of residential buildings, the concentrations of pollutants did not exceed the MАC, mainly corresponded to the design values. However, the ammonia content in the atmospheric air on the territory of the nearest building to the enterprise exceeded the calculated design values by three times. At the border of the industrial site of the enterprise for ammonia and diPhosphorpentaoxide, concentrations comparable to the MАC were recorded, while hydrochloric acid and gaseous fluorides were not detected either at the border of the industrial site or in the nearest residential development.

Conclusions. The programs of air quality control monitoring are based on the research and analysis of the project documentation. The developed scheme for monitoring atmospheric air can be applied to assess atmospheric air quality in areas around mineral fertilizer production enterprises.

Contribution:

Gorbanev S.A. — the concept and design of the study;

Markova O.L. — collection and processing of materials, writing text;

Yeremin G.B. — the concept and design of the study, writing text, editing;

Mozzhukhina N.A. — the concept and design of the study, editing;

Kopytenkova O.I. — writing text, editing;

Karelin A.O. — editing.

All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Introduction. Social and hygienic monitoring results are currently used to assess drinking water quality in centralized cold water supply systems and calculate the number of people provided with high-quality drinking water. Additionally, they use the results of investigations against resource-supplying organizations. There is not enough information to analyze and obtain reliable data. It is necessary to develop a comprehensive solution. The complex should include combining the goals of many fragmented digital solutions that regulate collecting and analyzing large amounts of data.

Materials and methods. Research materials and methods include production control programs and the results of a study of the quality of drinking water in centralized water supply systems. The object of the study is the localities of 15 subjects of the Russian Federation. Methods of system and content analysis were used for the examination.

Results. As part of the production control, resource-supplying management of gathering information on the water quality of centralized cold water supply systems. The requirements for the management of state data are set out in the documents of the Analytical Center under the Government of the Russian Federation. The fragmentation of the collected data does not allow us to meet the requirements for the quality of information. To assess the water quality of centralized cold water supply systems, information about water supply sources, water pipes, control points in the distribution network, and research results can be supplemented with information from the automated information system “Housing and Utilities Reform”. The entire set of information should be transmitted to the formation system “Interactive map of drinking water quality control in the Russian Federation”. 

Conclusion. To obtain a set of reliable information, it is necessary to include the results of production control in the drinking water quality monitoring system, provide the standardization of formats for the presentation of laboratory research results, create a single software product and introduce changes in regulatory documents that oblige resource-supplying organizations to send the results of industrial water quality control in electronic form.

Contribution:

Myasnikov I.O. — statistical processing, writing text, editing;

Novikova Yu.A. — concept and design of the study, editing;

Kopytenkova O.I. — collection and processing of material;

Evseeva M.N. — collection and processing of material;

Yeremin G.B. — collection of literature data.

All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Introduction. The profession of firefighters belongs to extreme activities. Fire hazards include flames, sparks, heat flow, elevated ambient temperatures, increased concentrations of toxic combustion and thermal decomposition products, decreased oxygen concentrations, and reduced visibility in smoke. High air temperature during fire extinguishing is one of the main adverse physical factors affecting firefighters’ bodies.

Material and methods. The study was carried out on 124 outbred white male 3-month rats weighing 250-300 g, divided randomly into two groups: the first group (62 rats) underwent single hyperthermia. The second group (62 rats) experienced daily hyperthermia for 14 days. The study of the behavioural activity of animals was carried out after single and prolonged hyperthermia using the following methods: “Open field”, “Elevated cruciform maze”, Porsolt’s test, running on a treadmill. The tests were performed two times: the first time - before exposure, the second - after, with intervals between tests of at least two weeks.

Results. The data obtained indicate that the high ambient temperature causes changes in the behavioural responses in animals, which is expressed by an increase in the level of anxiety, a decrease in motor and research activity, the development of depressive states, and a decrease in physical endurance.

Conclusion. An experimental model of extreme heat exposure on animals showed the emergence and persistence of changes in animals’ behavioural activity and physical performance indicators. This experiment can be used to study the long-term effects of high temperatures on firefighters’ bodies.

Contribution:

Kriyt V.E. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text;

Sladkova Yu.N. — collection and processing of material, writing a text;

Sannikov M.V. — editing;

Pyatibrat A.O. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing.

All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

The conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee: the study was approved by the local ethics committee of the North-West Public Health Research Center, Federal Service on Customers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-being Surveillance (Rospotrebnadzor), carried out under the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), the directive of the European Parliament and Council of the European Union 2010/63/EU of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

Introduction. The Russian telecommunications industry is on the threshold of introducing 5G/IMT-2020 (5G) mobile communications. The expected technological innovations of the new generation standard will lead to an increase in the capacity of mobile operators ‘ networks, data transfer speeds, the emergence of new scenarios for the use of mobile communications and the development of innovative digital services. This will contribute to economic growth by increasing labour productivity, automation and introducing new technologies in various economy and human activity areas. At the same time, the electromagnetic environment (EMO) in the areas where people stay will also change.

The purpose of the study is to consider the unique features of the architecture of the 5G network to predict the impact on the population of electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the radio frequency (RF) range.

Material and methods. The study is analytical. The information base of the research was Russian strategic documents on the development of 5G technologies, articles published in domestic and foreign journals.

Results. The primary input data for the construction of 5G networks are presented, allowing us to evaluate EMO and identify the new technology features that are significant in terms of the impact of RF electromagnetic fields on the population. The 5G network uses previously unused RF bands and new types of antennas. With the introduction of 5G, the density of base stations (BS) and access points will significantly increase, the heights of BS antennas will decrease, and the spatial and temporal characteristics of electromagnetic radiation will change substantially.

Conclusion. The architecture of the 5G network differs significantly from the mobile communication standards of previous generations. The introduction of 5G networks will lead to a significant change in the electromagnetic background in the environment. An urgent task is to develop a theory of hygienic regulation of RF EMF for the population in a complex electromagnetic environment with simultaneous operation of 5G networks and previous generations and new approaches to determining the levels of EMF in the environment by computational and instrumental methods.

Contribution:

Nikitina V.N. — the concept and design of the study; collection and processing of material; writing a text;

Kalinina N.I. — collection of literature data; collection and processing of material; editing;

Lyashko G.G. — a collection of literature data; collection and processing of material; editing;

Dubrovskaya E.N. — a collection of literature data; collection and processing of material; editing;

Plekhanov V.P. — a collection of literature data; collection and processing of material.

All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Introduction. According to the latest statistical data analysis, vibration disease (VD) remains the leading pathology in the structure of occupational morbidity in the Russian Federation. The main symptom of VD is peripheral angiodystonic syndrome, which develops as a result of peripheral vessels angiospasm of extremities, which is clinically manifested in the form of pain in hands, temperature decrease and pallor of the skin.

Materials and methods. The article presents the results of an ultrasound assessment of the velocity and anatomical parameters of the main arteries of upper extremities in patients with stage 2 VD from exposure to general and local vibration.

Results. According to the data of sanitary and hygienic characteristics, in all examined patients with stage 2 VD from exposure to general and local vibration, the class of working conditions was assessed as class 3 (harmful). In contrast, the excess in local vibration along the X, Y, Z axes ranged from 1 to 7 dBA. Ultrasound of the main arteries of upper extremities shows a decrease in the velocity parameters along the radial and ulnar arteries symmetrically, a significant increase in the tone of the wall of the forearm arteries.

Discussion. One of the most critical problems in solving expert questions is assessing pathological process severity due to the lack of transparent and objective methods. Ultrasound research is the most affordable and safest method for evaluating the vascular system of upper extremities in stage 2 VD. It also significantly increases the objectification of expert decisions on the connection of this disease with occupation.

Conclusion. VD II from the impact of general and local vibration is characterized by decreased pulse velocity on the ulnar and radial arteries symmetrically on both sides with a pronounced increase of peripheral resistance, indicating a severe angiospastic syndrome to generalized.

Contribution:

Kuprina N.I. — contribution to the concept and plan of the study, contribution to data collection, contribution to data analysis and conclusions, contribution to the preparation of the article;

Ulanovskaya E.V. — contribution to the concept and plan of the study, contribution to data analysis, contribution to the preparation of the article;

Shilov V.V. — editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Introduction. At the present stage of developing domestic health care, active processes of informatization of the clinical diagnostic process are taking place. In most regions of the Russian Federation, various medical information systems are actively exploited in medical organizations, digital medical devices and devices are being introduced, which determines the relevance of the formation of a methodology for the use of information technologies in the health care system of military personnel.

Materials and methods. The materials of literary sources, bibliographic databases, regulatory documents, research and development work data, materials of military-scientific support of military-medical information systems have been studied. The historical, literary and structural-logical approach, system analysis methods, comparison, composition, and decomposition were used.

Results. This study proposes approaches to managing the health of servicemen and a system of its assessment using information technologies. Within the framework of the entire system of medical support for troops at the sectoral level, the ultimate goal of informatization is to construct a single information space for the medical service of the RF Armed Forces. It should be based on the use of unified personal electronic cards of military personnel, a single protected intradepartmental telecommunication network, and medical information systems for various purposes, depending on the level of a medical organization, unit or subdivision. In the informatization of the medical service, it is necessary to distinguish three primary levels, each of which develops its technologies and means of automation: personal (the level of an individual soldier); the level of medical organizations; the systemic level that determines the activities of the entire medical service. A personal electronic card of a serviceman should be used as an individual carrier of passport and medical information in military medical information systems. To decide on the medical and evacuation purpose of a particular patient at the admission and triage department of a medical company, it is necessary to ensure the formation of a protocol of medical and evacuation measures, which includes information from the electronic medical archive, vital activity sensors and medical care accounting systems.

Conclusion. The capabilities of information technologies, vital activity sensors, electronic medical archives and communication channels should ensure the collection of relevant information about an individual patient for the needs of the treatment and diagnostic process, even when military medical organizations are deployed at the stages of medical evacuation. The integration of all information systems in the health care system of servicemen into a single information space must be carried out, taking into account the requirements of regional medical information systems and a unified state information system in the field of health.

Contribution:

Borisov D.N. — the concept and design of the study, the collection and processing of the material, writing a text; responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;

Sevryukov V.V. — the concept and design of the study, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;

Eremin G.B. — the collection and processing of the material, editing, approval of the final version of the article;

Petryakhin D.N. — the collection and processing of the material, writing a text.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Introduction. The study was conducted to identify the main trends in reproductive, maternal, and newborn’s health to justify additional measures to achieve sustainable demographic development of industrial regions in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF).

Material and methods. The study was carried out using reporting and statistical materials characterizing the main demographic and health statistics of the reproductive health in the female population of Vorkutinsky municipal district (16 settlements), summarized in the “Demographic Yearbook of the Komi Republic” (2015-2019), and the annual reports of medical institutions providing obstetric and gynaecological medical care to the population of Vorkuta.

Results. As in many other areas of the Russian Arctic, in the city of Vorkuta, there were observed: a population decline from 60.4 in 2015 to 54.2 thousand people in 2019, a decrease in the number of women at reproductive age from 19.9 to 19.2 thousand people, as well as a significant increase in the frequency of preterm birth (PB) (from 2.2% to 8,4%) mainly due urogenital infection (42.3%), chronic placental insufficiency (CPI) (27%), multiple pregnancies (11.5%), preeclampsia (7.7%), cervical incompetence (7.7%), uterine scar inconsistency (3.8%). The incidence of PB among primiparous women was significantly lower than that among multiparous women - 34.6% and 65.3%, respectively. The frequency of abortions increased from 15.4 to 20.9 per 1000 women of reproductive age, and there was an increase by 16.3% in the rate of spontaneous abortions among women 18-44 years of age at the pregnancy terms from 12 to 22 weeks. Perinatal mortality during the study period increased from 7.5 ‰ to 12.7 ‰ in 2019. (on average in Russia 7.23 ‰). The stillbirth rate was 9.5 ‰ (on average in Russia 5.51 ‰). The main cause of stillbirth in the study period was intrauterine asphyxia due to the decompensated chronic placental insufficiency. Among the possible reasons for increased fetal infantile losses is a significant proportion in the general population of the Vorkuta of workers exposed to adverse occupational risk factors (25.7% compared to 14.1% in the Russian Arctic as a whole).

Conclusion. Among the population living in the area of the Pechora coal basin, the risk remains for an increase in the demographic crisis phenomena mainly due to the rise in the frequency of pregnancy disorders and, above all, a high level of fetal-infantile losses. To solve one of the main tasks of national security to prevent further depopulation of the Arctic regions, set in the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation*, it is necessary besides socioeconomic measures to preserve the population number, to develop and implement programs to effectively reduce fetal-infantile losses, including those potentially associated with adverse occupational exposure to reproductive risk factors.

Contribution:

Borisova D.S. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing a text, editing;

Chashchin V.P. — concept and design of the study, editing.

All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship. The authors express their gratitude to the staff of the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Republic of Komi “Vorkuta Maternity Hospital” and, in particular, to the chief physician — Kuritsyn A.A., for active cooperation in the research process.

* Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 204 of May 7, 2018 "On national goals and strategic tasks for the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024".

Introduction. Health care belongs to a group of economic activities with a high risk of occupational diseases (OD) and occupational injuries (OI), which harm workers and are one of the reasons for the decline in the share of the working-age population. 

Material and methods. The analysis of OD and OI in Health care has been carried out for 2010-2020. Alignment of the dynamic range and linear regression analysis was performed. The results are extensive and intensive variables, absolute and average values, minimum and maximum values, calculated coefficients.

Results. During the observed period in the Irkutsk region, the occupational morbidity rate significantly decreased (from 4.27 for the 2010 year to 2.25 for the 2020 year per 10000 employees). In Health care, this trend is not observed (3.1 for the 2010 year and 6.5 for the 2020 year per 10000 employees). 

The share of occupational morbidity rate in Health care workers was 6.7-16.5% in the overall structure of OD. The analysis of the OI dynamics indicates a steady decrease in the total number of accidents at the enterprises of the Irkutsk region by 1.3-1.5 times. In Health care, OI levels do not change significantly (1.28 and 1.29 for 2010 and 2019, respectively); the average long-term level of OI risk was 1.20. The share of injuries in the Health care sector is comparable to the number of accidents in the leading sectors of the economy. During the analyzed period, the OI share among healthcare workers increased (from 3.5% for 2010 to 15.3 % for 2019, p<0.01). 

Conclusion. The dynamics of the relative indicators of injuries in the Healthcare of the Irkutsk region is characterized by instability for the period 2010-2019; therefore, it is necessary to take systemic measures to manage occupational risks.

Contribution:

Pankov V.A. — concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;

Kuleshova M.V. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing text, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Introduction. On the territory of Russia, in cities with both developed industries and high levels of atmospheric pollution, located in northern climatic regions, a complex of hygienic problems has been formed that negatively affect the sanitary and epidemiological well-being and health of the population. The article presents the results of studying the nature of the combined effects of atmospheric air pollutants (Pinigin P index) and climatic conditions (WBGT-index) on individual indices of non-specific resistance in 5-6 year children. 

Materials and methods. To characterize the climatic conditions, the climatic indices were used (the coefficient of northernness of the Cs, the coefficient of continentality of the Sc, the index of climate severity SO, the Bodman weather severity index, as well as the WBGT, used in the armed forces for the climatic characteristics of the territory. To study non-specific resistance non-invasive methods were used: determination of bactericidal activity, bacterial contamination of the surface and deep layers of the skin, saliva lysozyme activity, and a thiol-disulfide test. 

Results. The combination of the adverse effects of a high level of anthropogenic air pollution and northern climatic conditions was found to have a more pronounced negative effect on non-specific resistance in children. A list of non-invasive indices sensitive to the adverse effects of the environment in areas with polluted atmospheric air in combination with northern climatic characteristics, including the integral feature of the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system (the Harvard step test index), indices of non-specific resistance (bactericidal activity of the skin, the state of the thiol-disulfide system of saliva) was formed.

Conclusion. The more pronounced negative impact of the combination of high levels of anthropogenic air pollution and northern climatic conditions should be taken into account when organizing medical care for children and ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population exposed to the combined effects of anthropogenic pressure and northern climatic conditions.

Contribution:

Kopytenkova O.I. — concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;

Levanchuk A.V. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing text, editing. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Introduction. To solve the problems of collecting data on sanitary and epidemiological well-being it is necessary to automate and digitalize processes. Analysis of foreign experience shows the feasibility of developing domestic specialized software products that could be more consistent with the tasks of social and hygienic monitoring (SGM) with a comprehensive analysis of health indicators or environmental factors of the population in the context of macroregions over a long period of time.

The purpose of the study was to develop a software product for automating the process of combining large amounts of data on environmental factors with the formation of a combined database.

Materials and methods. The results of studies of environmental factors carried out by the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) within the framework of the SGM for the period from 2007 to 2019 in the context of individual municipalities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are part of the Russian Arctic have been studied.

Results. To solve the problem of forming a combined database from separate files in the MS Office Excel format, a software product (SP) in Python 3.6 has been developed that automates the processes of creating a database from a large number of separate files, which are characterized by a common structure. The SP was tested on the example of the analysis of the results of the SGM in the context of municipalities of the subjects of the Russian Arctic for 2019. The approbation showed the correct performance of the program, which was confirmed by the results obtained manually. The average time it took to create a merged database from 60 source files was 7 minutes.

Conclusion. The created SP allows you to automatically combine a large number of separate Excel files containing in a standardized form data on the factors of the population’s habitat, collected as part of the SGM maintenance, with the formation of a combined database. The software can be used by the institutions of Rospotrebnadzor in the formation of combined databases in the context of any territories of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for practical and scientific problems.

Contribution:

Gorbanev S.A. — the concept and design;

Novikova Yu.A., Fedorov V.N. — the concept and design, writing text;

Kovshov A.A., Tikhonova N.A. — collection and processing of material;

Rakova V.V., Bolsunovskaia M.V. — editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Introduction. To assess the impact of the toxicants vinyl chloride (VC) and 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) on humans, personalized biomonitoring of thiodiacetic acid (TDAA) is of most significant importance. Determination of TDAA in urine was carried out using the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS.

Materials and methods. Sample preparation consists of the analyte’s esterification in a biological matrix with methyl alcohol (with 10% boron trifluoride), extraction of the derivative by liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. We used an Agilent 7890A gas chromatograph with an HP-5MS capillary column and a mass-selective detector. TDAA was identified in the form of a dimethyl ester on a mass chromatogram according to the retention time and the ratio of the intensities of the registered ions.

Results. To determine the rational parameters of the sample preparation process for the determination of TDAA in urine studies were carried out under the method of planning the experiment, which makes it possible to obtain the most accurate mathematical description of the processes. Optimization of the conditions for esterification of TDAA was carried out using mathematical planning, varying the temperature, process time, and the nature of the catalyst (BF₃ or H₂SO₄). The scheduling matrix included eight experiments; the degree of conversion of TDAA served as an optimization parameter. Interpretation of the model showed that temperature makes more contribution to the formation of the degree of conversion than the processing time. The nature of the catalyst does not affect the degree of conversion.

Conclusion. A mathematical model developed for optimizing the conditions for sample preparation of the biomarker of exposure to VC (TDАА) in urine, showed the contribution of three factors (reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst nature) to the conversion rate, of which the reaction temperature makes the greatest contribution to the choice of optimal esterification conditions. The nature of the catalyst (BF₃ or H₂SO₄) does not affect the conversion rate.

Contribution:

Zhurba O.M. — the concept and design of the study, writing a text, approval of the final version of the article, analytical studies using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry;

Alekseenko A.N. — editing, discussion of the results, analytical studies using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; writing a text;

Shayakhmetov S.F. — organization of research, justification of the research program, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. Financing of the work was carried out at the expense of funds allocated for the state assignment of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research.

ФБУН ФНЦГ имени Ф.Ф. Эрисмана Роспотребнадзора, РМАНПО Минздрава России и редколлегия журнала «Гигиена и санитария» с прискорбием сообщают, что 6 июля 2021 г. на 74-м году жизни скончался видный учёный-гигиенист, доктор медицинских наук, профессор Авалиани Семён Леванович.