Neurohumoral regulation under exposure to vibration and physical overloads

Introduction. In response to the action of various occupational factors, central regulatory mechanisms, including the hypothalamus, are involved. Clarification of the influence of the hypothalamus on the indicators of peripheral blood circulation, peripheral innervation and bone metabolism under the influence of vibration and physical overloads is relevant for the diagnosis and treatment of occupational diseases of a neurological profile.

The aim of the study. To establish the relationship between hypothalamic disorders and functional indicators of occupational diseases of the peripheral nervous system under the influence of vibration and physical overloads.

Material and methods. One hundred fifteen tunnellers and machinists of the drilling rig of JSC “KMAruda Combine”, 26 tunnellers of the drainage mine of JSC “Stoilensky Mining and Processing Plant”, 65 workers of auxiliary occupations were examined. Depending on the influencing factor, they were divided into four groups with occupational neurological pathology, the fifth group was control Examined cases were divided into subgroups: A — without hypothalamic disorders and B — with hypothalamic syndrome. The criteria for the diagnosis of hypothalamic syndrome are clinical. All the examined patients underwent rheovasography, stimulation electroneuromyography of the extremities, ultrasound densitometry.

Results. It was found that in patients with vibration disease from the effects of local or general vibration, especially when combined with lumbosacral radiculopathy during rheovasography, there are decrements in pulse blood filling, changes in vascular tone in vessels of various calibers and venous dysfunction, which are aggravated against the background of hypothalamic disorders. Hypothalamic disorders contribute to the aggravation of peripheral nerve indices: a decrease in the amplitude of the M-response, the rate of propagation of excitation along sensory axons and an increase in the value of residual latency. Functional assessment of bone tissue revealed the greatest prevalence of osteopenia syndrome in patients with vibration disease and its combined forms with lumbosacral radiculopathy in subgroups with hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (up to 33.6%). The frequency of detected functional disorders was established to increase with the progression of occupational diseases.

Limitations. The study was conducted in workers with neurological occupational diseases exposed to vibration and physical overloads. 

Conclusions. Neurohumoral disorders, manifested by hypothalamic syndrome caused by exposure to general and local vibration in combination with physical overloads, contribute to the development or aggravation of functional changes in the body of workers, aggravating the course of occupational diseases of the peripheral nervous system, which can be used to develop diagnostic and treatment methods, and study the pathogenesis of diseases.

Compliance with ethical standards. Clinical studies have been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing (Protocol No. 7, 2019).

Contribution:
Lapko I.V. — concept and design of the study, writing the text;
Zheglova A.V. — editing, writing the text;
Klimkina K.V. — collection and processing of the material;
Bogatyreva I.A. — statistical analysis.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: July 22, 2022 / Accepted: October 3, 2022 / Published: October 23, 2022