Adaptogenic correction of free radical processes in liver tissue under the exposure to coal-rock dust on the body (experimental study)

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Abstract

Introduction. Damage to the liver under the conditions of long-term exposure to coal-rock dust on the body leads to significant impairment of its metabolic, detoxification, synthetic, and other functions. In this regard, it is relevant to search for early methods of prevention and correction of developing pathological changes in this organ.

The purpose of the study is to experimentally study the effect of a complex drug with dihydroquercetin on the activity of free radical processes in the liver of laboratory rats over the dynamics of long-term exposure to coal-rock dust.

Materials and methods. The work was carried out on male white rats weighing 200–250 g. The control group was kept under the standard vivarium conditions. The experimental group included rats that inhaled coal-rock dust in a priming chamber daily for 4 hours for 1, 3, 6, and 9 weeks and rats that received a daily complex drug with dihydroquercetin immediately before dust exposure. In the liver tissue, the activity of free radical oxidation and antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) was determined.

Results. Priming rats with coal-rock dust for three weeks led to the gain in the intensity of free radical processes in the liver tissue: the initial level of accumulation of TBA-active oxidation products reliably raised by almost 2 times over the 1st week and 3 times over the 3rd week of the experiment compared to the control. An increase in the intensity of free radical oxidation was accompanied by activation of antioxidant defense enzymes — catalase — by 2.4 times at the 1st week and 1.6 times at the 3rd week of dust exposure. Raising the period of priming with dust up to 9 weeks led to multidirectional changes in oxidative metabolism in the liver tissue: at week 6, a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase was almost 3 times; at week 9, to a slight activation of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase by 55% and catalase by 36%.The most effective use of a complex drug with dihydroquercetin had been shown in short-term mode for three weeks, but not long-term (more than 6 weeks). The maximum antioxidant defense effect of dihydroquercetin was detected at the 3rd week of dust exposure — the level of free radical products decreased by 2 times and the activity of superoxide dismutase increased by 4 times.

Limitations. Since the issue of organ-specific effects and the optimal duration of use of dihydroquercetin to increase resistance to free radical damage has been little elaborated, this imposes certain restrictions on its use for the correction and prevention of occupational diseases.

Conclusion. The results obtained should be taken into account with long-term use of exogenous antioxidants in the correction and prevention of occupational diseases to support the level of endogenous antioxidant systems in the cell and the protective effect of dihydroquercetin for tissues most sensitive to the action of free radical processes.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases. The keeping, feeding and withdrawal of the animals from the experiment were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation “On Approval of the Rules of Good Laboratory Practice” (No. 199n of 01.04.2016), as well as the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (1996).

Contribution:
Bugaeva M.S. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text;
Bondarev O.I. — processing of material;
Gorokhova L.G. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing;
Zhukova A.G. — the concept and design of the study, writing a text, editing;
Mikhailova N.N. — editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: February 27, 2024 / Accepted: April 9, 2024 / Published: May 8, 2024

About the authors

Maria S. Bugaeva

Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

Author for correspondence.
Email: bugms14@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3692-2616

MD, Ph.D., senior researcher of the Laboratory for pathomorphology of industrial-related diseases, Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation

e-mail: bugms14@mail.ru

Russian Federation

Oleg I. Bondarev

Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

Email: gis.bondarev@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5821-3100

MD, Ph.D., Associate Professor, head of the Laboratory for pathomorphology of industrial-related diseases, Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation

e-mail: gis.bondarev@yandex.ru

Russian Federation

Larisa G. Gorokhova

Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases; Kuzbass Humanitarian and Pedagogical Institute of the Kemerovo State University

Email: ponomarikova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0545-631X

MD, Ph.D, leading researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular-genetic and experimental study, Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation; associate professor of the sub-department of natural sciences, Kuzbass Humanitarian and Pedagogical Institute of the Kemerovo State University, Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation

e-mail: ponomarikova@mail.ru

Russian Federation

Anna G. Zhukova

Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases; Kuzbass Humanitarian and Pedagogical Institute of the Kemerovo State University

Email: nyura_g@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4797-7842

MD, Ph.D., DSci., Associate Professor, head of the Laboratory of Molecular-genetic and experimental study, Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation; head of the sub-department of natural sciences, Kuzbass Humanitarian and Pedagogical Institute of the Kemerovo State University; Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation

e-mail: nyura_g@mail.ru

Russian Federation

Nadezhda N. Mikhailova

Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

Email: napmih@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1127-6980

MD, Ph.D., DSci., Professor, chief researcher of the Laboratory of Molecular-genetic and experimental study, Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation

e-mail: napmih@mail.ru

Russian Federation

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