Combination of Ethacrynic Acid and ATRA Triggers Differentiation and/or Apoptosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells through ROS
- Authors: Cai X.1, Li L.1, Xi H.1, Lu H.1
-
Affiliations:
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Issue: Vol 24, No 6 (2024)
- Pages: 412-422
- Section: Oncology
- URL: https://rjsocmed.com/1871-5206/article/view/644225
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715206273000231211092743
- ID: 644225
Cite item
Full Text
Abstract
Background and objective:All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an effective differentiation inducer, has been applied clinically to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Unfortunately, it is not as potent in other kinds of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Ethacrynic acid (EA), a classical powerful diuretic, can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, which can assist ATRA in inducing differentiation in AML cells. Here, we investigated the effect of EA combined with ATRA (EA+RA) on some AML cells except APL.
Methods:Apoptosis and differentiation were determined by morphology, cell viability, Annexin-V assay and CD11c expression. Western blot analysis and the detection of ROS and mitochondrial transmembrane potentials (MMP) were used to investigate the mechanisms.
Results:AML cells exhibited differentiation and/or apoptosis after EA+RA treatment. EA+RA increased the intracellular ROS contents. EA+RA-induced apoptosis was accompanied by MMP attenuation and caspase-3/7 activation. EA+RA-induced differentiation was along with MEK/ERK and Akt activation and increased expression of PU.1, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and C/EBPε. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, thoroughly reduced EA+RA-increased ROS, and also inhibited MMP attenuation, the activation of caspase- 3/7, MEK/ERK and Akt pathways, the elevation of PU.1 and C/EBPs, and apoptosis and differentiation. However, MEK or PI3K specific inhibitors only suppressed EA+RA-triggered differentiation and the elevation of PU.1 and C/EBPs, but not ROS levels.
Conclusion:EA+RA induced cell apoptosis through ROS dependent MMP attenuation and caspase 3/7 activation while inducing differentiation by ROS-MEK/ERK-PU.1/C/EBPs and ROS-Akt-PU.1/C/EBPs pathways. In summary, it may provide innovative ATRA-based combination therapy strategies for AML patients via ROS.
About the authors
Xun Cai
Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Lu Li
Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Hui-Min Xi
Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Email: info@benthamscience.net
Hao Lu
Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Email: info@benthamscience.net
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