A Mechanistic Review on Protective Effects of Mangosteen and its Xanthones Against Hazardous Materials and Toxins


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Abstract

:Due to its pharmacological properties, α-Mangostin, mainly found in Garcinia mangostana (G. mangostana) L. (Mangosteen, queen of fruits), treats wounds, skin infections, and many other disorders. In fact, α-Mangostin and other xanthonoid, including β-Mangostin and γ-Mangostin, are found in G. mangostana, which have various advantages, namely neuroprotective, anti-proliferative, antinociceptive, antioxidant, pro-apoptotic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic through multiple signaling mechanisms, for instance, extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK 1/2), mitogenactivated Protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This review presents comprehensive information on Mangosteen's pharmacological and antitoxic aspects and its xanthones against various natural and chemical toxins. Because of the insufficient clinical study, we hope the current research can benefit from performing clinical and preclinical studies against different toxic agents.

About the authors

Roghayeh Yahyazadeh

Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Vafa Rahimi

Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Ahmad Yahyazadeh

Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk Universit

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Vahid Askari

International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

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