No 6 (2015)

Observations on 59 patients suffering from a severe poisoning by various toxic agents, who were admitted to a rehabilitation toxicological department of N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine were generalised. Those agents were psychopharmacological drugs (13), cauterizing liquids (18) and neurotoxicants (narcotics of opium group, ethanol, psychopharmacological (28). All the patients showed signs of endotoxemia of moderate severity: mean concentration of leukocytes in venous blood slightly exceeded normal limits and an increased concentration of dead cells in blood as well as of lymphocytes expressing Fas-surface receptor were noted. The obtained data were used to evaluate the effectiveness of non-drug therapeutic methods (laser hemotherapy, mesodiencephalic modulation, hyperbaric oxygen therapy) and pharmacotherapy (mexidol). Correction of endotoxemia using the above-mentioned methods in the complex therapy can significantly reduce the rehabilitation time in patients and may have a positive effect on the duration of hospital treatment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between glutathione-S-transferase (GST) genes polymorphism and the frequency of cytopathology of peripheral blood erythrocytes in the workers occupationally exposed to mercury as well as in the occupationally non-exposed local population of the Aktash settlement of the Republic Altai (control group). It was found that the workers of the mercury producing and recycling enterprise with deletion (null)-variant GSTM1 genes showed significantly higher levels of anisocytosis in the peripheral blood than both the GSTM1 positive individuals and the control group (P<0,01). In addition, the null variants of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes in workers were significantly associated with the elevated frequency of poikilocytosis, particularly macrocytosis, and micronucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood as compared to the controls and the active genotype GSTM1(+) / GSTT1(+) (P<0,01). Moreover, the increased level of microcytosis was detected exclusively in workers with the combination of null variants of GSTT1(o) and GSTM1(o) genes. Analysis of the data of the control group as well as the workers exposed to mercury, demonstrated that in the individuals with the combination of null variants of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes, the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes was significantly higher than in the ones with active genotypes of GSTM1(+) / GSTT1(+).

The article presents results of apoptosis evaluation in albino rat neurons using comet assay for DNA and immune histochemical analysis to determine the activity of pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins caspase 3 and bcl-2 at exposure to nano biocomposites representing nano silver embedded in a matrix of a natural arabinogalactan. In preparations of nervous tissue of rats exposed to nano silver arabinogalactan polymer, a statistically significant increase of DNA content in comet tails was found out. DNA comets with DNA tail content of more than 70%, which could be regarded as apoptotic have not been observed in investigated formulations. The results of the immune histochemical determination of expression of anti-and pro- apoptotic proteins bcl-2 and caspase-3 in neurons show on the contrary the development of apoptosis in nerve cells. Comparing results of the studies performed, a conclusion can be drawn that to detect the apoptosis process, immune histochemical methods for determination of anti-and pro-apoptotic proteins are more efficient than DNA comet assay.

Toxicological properties and main biological action mechanisms of a new chemical compound Phenozan-23 (Ph-23) belonging to alkylphenol class were studied in laboratory animals. Based on the outcome of experimental studies, toxicometric parameters of Phenozan-23 were stated, its maximum concentration levels in ambient air were substantiated. Test objects were laboratory animals including rabbits, guinea pigs, white rats, white mice. The chemical compound was Phenozan-23.

Toxic metals are among the most important chemical pollutants of aquatic environments. Interaction of copper and other toxic metals with biomass of algae is of interest to modern ecology and biotechnology. In this paper, interactions of the biomass of a unique extremophilic (acidophilic, thermophilic) algae Galdieria sulphuraria with copper and other metals in the aquatic environment were studied. This unicellular extremophilic, acidophilic eukaryotic organism is found in hot springs and geothermal habitats. In this paper, results of experiments with the biomass and mortmass of this organism are reported. Measurements were made using the method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP- MS). Biosorption of copper and some other metals by the biomass of this organism was discovered after incubation in an aquatic medium mingled with these metals. Biosorption (immobilization) of lead and nickel from the aquatic environment was not found out. In experiments with the mortmass of Galdieria sulphuraria no sorption of copper and lead was revealed. The results obtained are useful to develop a new biotechnology for removal of toxic metals from water.

Николай Васильевич Лазарев родился 2 декабря 1895 г. в Царском Селе. Отец умер, когда Николаю Васильевичу было всего 4 года. Мать после смерти мужа перебралась в Петербург, где работала на швейном предприятии. Однако, не имея возможности содержать двоих детей, отдала Колю в семью своей старшей сестры, муж которой работал начальником Царскосельского вокзала (теперь Витебский вокзал). Семья, в которой было еще шесть детей, занимала большую казенную квартиру в здании вокзала. Среднее образование Николай Васильевич получил в первом петербургском реальном училище на Васильевском острове. Одноклассником Николая Васильевича был Павел Войтик, известный в период Октябрьской революции под именем «Петроградский комиссар» и погибший при подавлении Кронштадтского мятежа в 1918 г. А в 1913 году выпускника Николая Лазарева за дерзкий выпад против директора, ярого монархиста, исключили из училища. Поэтому Николай Лазарев сдавал выпускные экзамены экстерном. В подготовке к экзаменам помогали одноклассники и в их числе будущий известный учёный-академик АН СССР Д. Н.Насонов.