BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF ALUMINUM OXIDE MICROAND NANOPARTICLES ON THE ORGANISM OF LABORATORY ANIMALS IN CONDITIONS OF ACUTE TOXICITY

Aluminum oxide nanoparticles widely used in the production are part of many consumer goods, such as pharmaceuticals, food additives etc. The study of the biological hazard of aluminum oxide is of greatest relevance to other aluminum compounds, and the increasing demand for aluminum oxide nanomaterials emphasizes the need to identify specific mechanisms of action of its nanoparticles in comparison with larger micro-sized analogues.
It has been found that a specific response from the nervous system to a single intragastric injection of aluminum oxide nanoparticles was a change in the morphometric parameters of the neurons of the granular layer and basket neurons of the molecular layer of the cerebellum of the brain, so the size of the neurons of the granular layer of the cerebellum in rats increases by 1,2 times and the size of the basket neurons of the molecular layer of the cerebellum in rats decreases by 1,1 times relative to similar indicators when exposed to microparticles.
In case of intragastric administration of the aluminum oxide nanoparticles, the blood filling of sinusoid spaces of liver tissues, thrombosis progressing without visible compensatory changes, and damage to the nuclei of hepatocytes occur in comparison to an increase in the proportion of sinusoid spaces of liver tissues without a sharp increase in blood accumulations and apoptosis of hepatocytes at the level of 3% specific to the injection of aluminum oxide microparticles.
The nature of the liver tissue reaction depends on the total specific surface area of the active particles: when exceeding the value of 80 m2, reactions specific for the action of nanoparticles are manifested.