编号 5 (2024)

Two new species of Acanthonautilus Foord, 1896 (family Solenochilidae Hyatt, 1893) from Asselian-Sakmarian reef deposits of the Shakhtau quarry are described. The history of the study of Solenochilidae is briefly discussed. Comparison with other Paleozoic cephalopods with similar morphology is presented. Morphometric parameters proposed by D. Raup were used for more precise characterization of the new species.

The first specimen of Cadoceras milaschewici (Nikitin) found in the Jason Zone of the Middle Callovian of Tuarkyr (northwestern Turkmenistan) is discussed. Rare finds of ammonites of the subfamily Cadoceratinae (Cadoceras, Pseudocadoceras, Chamoussetia) are known from the Lower Callovian of adjacent areas – the North Caucasus, Mangyshlak, and the Bolshoi Balkhan Ridge. The only published find of a Middle Callovian Cadoceras from the Peri-Caspian region comes from the Jason Zone of Dagestan (Northern Caucasus). It is possible that the local environments were not suitable for Cadoceras, a genus with a cadiconic shell widely represented in the Upper Bathonian – Middle Callovian the Russian Platform.

In the deposits of Neocolumbites insignis Zone (Upper Olenekian substage of the Kamenushka River basin, Southern Primorye, Russia), one specimen of the cryptonellid brachiopod ?Heterelasma sp. was found. The genus Heterelasma Girty, 1909 includes 17 species distributed exclusively in the Permian deposits of the USA, Mexico, China, Nepal, and Pakistan. Comparison with previously described species, along with taking into account the stratigraphic position of the discovered specimen, provides a basis for describing of new finding as belonging to the genus Heterelasma, which may be survived the global Late Permian mass extinction. The study of the internal structure of the described specimen was carried out by using of X-ray microtomograph SkyScan 1272 (Bruker microCT, Belgium) in the Laboratory of X-Ray Methods of the Analytical Center of the Far East Geological Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences.

A new genus and species of kitefin sharks (Squaliformes: Dalatiidae), Danodalatias ochevi gen. et sp. nov., is described based on isolated teeth from the lower part of the Berezovaya Strata (Lower Paleocene, Danian Stage) in the vicinity of the farmstead of Rasstrigin (Volgograd Region). The teeth of Centroselachus goordi Mannering et Hiller, 2008 from the Paleocene of New Zealand, are reclassified here as Danodalatias goordi (Mannering et Hiller, 2008) comb. nov. The association of these two species with a bipolar distribution into the genus Danodalatias gen. nov. suggests that kitefin sharks (Dalatiidae) were globally distributed back in the Early Cenozoic and inhabited both shallow epicontinental and relatively deep ocean shelf environments during that time.

The paper describes the morphology and histological structure of salamander femora of the genus Kiyatriton: K. krasnolutskii from the Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Berezovsk Quarry locality in the Krasnoyarsk krai and K. leshchinskiyi from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) Shestakovo 1 locality in the Kemerovo oblast. The femur of Kiyatriton is characterized by the presence of a large spur-shaped trochanter, a developed high trochanter crest, a large ventral fossa (fossa trochanterica) and a bean-shaped proximal end in cross-section. The histological structure is characterized by the presence of a thick, almost avascular cortex formed by both periosteal primary and secondary endosteal bone; thick periostelial cortex, consisting of a parallel-fibred bone matrix and bearing cyclical growth marks (annuli, LAGs), including double LAGs; a thick endosteal cortex consisting of a lamellar bone matrix; the presence of a small medullary cavity; the presence of the Kashchenko line; absence of calcified cartilage; absence of bone remodeling (erosion bays, secondary osteons, resorption of the walls of the medullary cavity). Similarities in the morphological and histological structure of the femora of Kiyatriton and small-sized modern metamorphosing salamanders (large spur-shaped trochanter of the femur, deep ventral fossa, rounded proximal end of the femur, avascular periosteal cortex with growth marks, thick layer of endosteal bone forming the inner part of the cortex, small medullary cavity) indicate that members of the genus Kiyatriton were metamorphosing salamanders with a terrestrial adult stage. The similarity in the structure of the femora of different-aged Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous representatives of Kiyatriton indicates that the biological characteristics (growth pattern, presence of metamorphosis) have not changed for about 40 million years.

Materials on ducks from the Lower Pleistocene (about 1.8 million years ago) Taurida cave in the Crimea are represented by forms new to the site: Melanitta kirbori sp. nov., Marmaronetta angustirostris, Spatula querquedula, Anas aff. A. acuta and Anas aff. A. platyrhynchos. In addition, new materials on the previously known taxa Spatula praeclypeata and Tadorna petrina are described. The assemblage of ducks from Taurida cave is the oldest representative fauna of Anatidae for the Early Pleistocene of Europe. Findings of the genera Melanitta and Marmaronetta are the oldest in the fossil record globally. Finds of ducks from the groups of mallards (Anas aff. A. platyrhynchos) and pintails (Anas aff. A. acuta) are the oldest for these lineages, marking the dispersal of the ancestors of modern Palearctic species from Africa to Eurasia. The evolutionary history of anatid taxa found in the cave is discussed.

There are presented of information about new storage location of the holotypes of Paleozoic bryozoans from different localities of Russia and Kazakhstan.