卷 98, 编号 8 (2019)

Introduction. Adrenocortical hormones play a leading role in the adaptation of human organism to damaging factors.

The aim of this study is to compare levels of cortisol and biochemical markers of organism damage (MOD) in blood samples of rats under a model of electrolysis dust (ED) inhalation exposure. ED being component of emissions in aluminum production and has high content of resinous substances (RS), including 3,4-benzpyrene.

Material and methods. Male Wistar rats were injected ED intratracheally once per month, in doses corresponding to keeping of animals at ED concentrations of 1.0; 5.2 and 25.1 mg/m³, calculated on RS mass. 2 weeks after the 1^st and 2^nd ED administration and 6 days after the 3^rd one, blood serum samples were used for determination of cortisol levels (ELISA) and the following 6 MOD: the intensity of luminol-enchanced chemiluminescence, activities of catalase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), acid DNAse, acetylesterase and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT).

Results. 2 weeks after the 1st and 2nd ED administrations (cortisol content 2 times reduced or not changed), similar significant changes were observed in almost all MOD; 2nd experimental point, if comparing with 1st point, had slight increase in oxidative stress and significant rise in GGT activity (a marker of precancer changes) at the maximum dose. On the contrary, 6 days after the 3rd injection of ED, in parallel with the increase of cortisol content in rat blood by 1.5 - 2 times, small significant changes were found for only one marker (NAG). The obtained data fit into existing concepts about protective role of cortisol and biphasic nature of its release into the blood, allow us to consider the absence of MOD, in parallel with rising levels of C, as a transit phase and have common problem aspects with CIRCI syndrome (Critical illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency) in emergency medicine.

Conclusion. Determination of cortisol levels by ELISA assay can be easily incorporated into any toxicological protocol as index of organism adaptive response, but further investigations are needed to clarify its characteristics and to build continuous model from separate time-dose points.

Introduction. The category of important, but little-studied environmental factors, is the additional respiratory resistance, which is the main factor limiting human performance in the means of individual respiratory protection. Changes in the body that have not been sufficiently studied under conditions of additional respiratory resistance include changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection. The purpose of this study was to study changes in blood lipid peroxidation using additional respiratory resistance.

Material and methods. The study was conducted on practically healthy subjects of both sexes (78 people), aged from 20 to 36 years. To simulate the conditions of use of personal protective equipment for respiratory organs, inspiratory resistive respiratory loads of 20% of the maximum intraoral pressure were used for the Muller test. The duration of the resistive loads amounted to 3 or 10 minutes. The processes of lipid peroxidation were assessed by changes in the level of malonic dialdehyde, the concentration of free fatty acids, and the dynamics of plasma hydroperoxides. The activity of the antioxidant system was determined by the dynamics of the index of total antioxidant activity, plasma catalase activity. Measurement of serotonin, adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations in plasma was carried out by the fluorimetric method.

Results. The indices of blood lipid peroxidation are most affected by the duration of use of respiratory protective equipment. Three-minute respiration in the means of individual respiratory protection significantly changed the processes of peroxidation of blood lipids in the direction of inhibition. In particular, there was decreased the concentration of malonic dialdehyde decreased (p <0.01); concentration of free fatty acids (p <0.001), and activity of lipid hydroperoxides (p <0.0001). Under a ten-minute use of personal respiratory protection, the processes of blood lipid peroxidation almost did not change: the content of lipid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde remained unchanged (p> 0.05) from the initial level.

Conclusion. The antioxidant effects of the values of increased resistance to breathing used by us indicate to the absence of hypoxic stimulation under the action of moderate resistive loads, and resistive stimulation of antioxidant mechanisms. We assume that during the action of resistive respiratory loads, the metabolic function of the lungs is activated, which is associated with increased resorptive processes in the pulmonary vessels, which leads to an enhanced release of biologically active substances from the lungs with antioxidant activity. Enhancement of the absorption of endogenous antioxidants against the background of resistive respiratory loads is a protective response against lipid peroxidation.

Introduction. Currently, the search for markers of the health status of workers in agro-industrial complexes in contact with pesticides continues.

The aim of this study was the assessment of the effect of glyphosate isopropylamine salt on the health of workers in agroindustrial complexes of the Ryazan region according to the severity of endogenous intoxication and oxidative stress in the body.

Materials and methods. Plasma and erythrocytes of peripheral blood of workers were the clinical material for the study. Blood was taken in 87 workers contacted with glyphosate-containing pesticides. As a control group, 20 clinically healthy individuals of the same age category who did not have contact with the pesticides were selected to be studied. The severity of endogenous intoxication was determined by the level of substances of low and medium molecular weight in the plasma and red blood cells. The severity of oxidative stress was determined by the content of the products of oxidative modification of proteins by the method of R.L. Levine modified by E.E. Dubinina.

Results. Statistically significant changes in the severity of endogenous intoxication in the blood plasma and erythrocytes of the study groups and the control group of individuals among machine operators and workers who come into contact with pesticides to a lesser extent were obtained. A statistically significant increase in the level of carbonyl derivatives compared with the control among machine operators who have greater contact with glyphosate-containing pesticides according to the time sheets has been revealed. The level of secondary carbonyl derivatives in machine operators was higher than that of warehouse workers and was statistically significant.

Conclusion. A statistically significant increase in the level of secondary carbonyl derivatives among machine operators as compared with other workers is a late marker of oxidative stress, which indicates to a depletion of the reserve forces of the body. This may be due to longer contact with pesticides based on glyphosate machine operators as compared to other workers in the agro-industrial complexes.

Introduction. The social changes happening in the country for the last 25 years negatively affected the state of health of citizens, mainly younger generation. It is expressed in the gain in the morphological and functional of deviations, the general incidence of teenagers, deterioration in psychosomatic health of youth as a result of high compensatory and adaptive exertion up to nervous breakdowns.

Purpose. To estimate efficiency of correction of a functional condition of an organism of students by means of osteopathic influence at the raised psychological and emotional loads during exams.

Material and methods. 15 almost healthy students of pedagogical higher education institution, at the age of 22.4±0.7 under increased psychological and emotional exertion during exams acted as examinees. Changes of indices of the osteopathic status and a functional condition of the central nervous system of students directly before osteopathic correction, right after influence and also in 3 weeks were estimated.

Results. The osteopathic correction was established to promote a significant improvement in students according to values of indices of functional mobility of nervous processes in the cerebral cortex; a mental state on nosological and syndromologic scales; - indices of the osteopathic status

Conclusion. Single osteopathic correction leads to optimization of the mental status, mobility, and steadiness of nervous processes, and also to reduction of processes of excitement in a cerebral cortex both right after influence and in 3 weeks after its carrying out. Also improvement of attention and memory in students in 3 weeks after an influence, and right after carrying out correction - decrease in an uneasiness index in them and the general functional status is noted. Results of research revealed need of carrying out further research on the development of the modes of correction for the purpose of the introduction it in educational process.

Introduction. The high incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in the population is largely determined by the significant prevalence of risk factors, including alimentaryones. Risk factors for MI are widely studied, however, forecasts of outcomes of MIare not associated with the prognostic significance of specific factors. Estimates have shown the prognostic significance of priority risk factors for myocardial infarction to remain virtually unexplored.

Material and research methods. The object of the study was MI patients treated in hospital. The volume of the study was 162 MI patients (main group) and 140 practically healthy individuals (control group). The subject of the study was the calculation of prognostic coefficients (according to a special formula) based on the analysis of nutritional risk factors for myocardial infarction and an assessment of their prognosticity and prevalence. The sociological method-questioning of patients was applied.

Results. The frequent consumption of salty and fatty foods, butter, a large amount of carbohydrate products, the presence of 2nd and 3rd degree obesity patients were establish to have the greatest prognostic value in MI patients. Monitoring highly predictive nutritional risk factors for MI allows identifying the priority preventive impacts, which, in addition, will not be passive, but active. The methodology for predicting the degree of risk of nutritional factors is confirmed in the context of comparative studies of experience and control groups.

Conclusion. The identification of these nutritional risk factors in a patient visited the polyclinic allows attributing it to a risk group for the development of myocardial infarction with subsequent targeted laboratory and instrumental examination and registration with the dispensary. Assessment of the prevalence and prognostic significance of nutritional risk factors among MI patients provides opportunities for early detection of health abnormalities and the development of preventive actions.

Introduction. The use of toothpastes is the most common way for the prevention of caries. There is a variety of different toothpastes available on the market and the choice of the most efficient paste for the particular case is of great interest and importance.

Aims: the purpose of the study was to assess the impact of toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite and fluoride on resistance of enamel to demineralization and enamel remineralization rate.

Material and methods. One hundred sixty patients participated in the study. The test and control groups included 80 patients each: 40 - at the age of 15-17 and 40 at the age of 18-25 who have been using toothpastes with hydroxyapatite or fluoride during 1 year, respectively. The oral hygiene assessment was carried out with the use of Turesky index. The clinical determination of enamel remineralization rate, and enamel resistance to demineralization were assessed to evaluate the remineralizing potential of toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite or fluoride.

Results. There was a statistically significant increase in the values of enamel resistance to demineralization and remineralization rates in all groups comparing to the baseline after 1-3 months of the use of the toothpastes prescribed. It was found that enamel resistance to demineralization and remineralization rates of enamel in the test group were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with the group of patients using the toothpaste with fluoride.

Conclusion. Use of toothpastes containing hydroxyapatite and fluoride in conjunction with constant control of oral hygiene significantly increased the enamel demineralization resistance and enamel remineralization rate. However, toothpastes with hydroxyapatite were significantly more efficient and exhibited its action earlier in time.

Introduction. Morbidity toxocariasis, second in prevalence geohelminthiasis in Russia, is a serious problem in recent years, especially in metropolitan areas. The involvement of earthworms in the life cycle of toxocarias remains poorly understood. The role of earthworms (paratenic hosts) in the circulation and prevention of toxocariasis is established. The work is aimed at a contribution finding out of earthworms Еisеniа fеtidа (paratenic hosts) in toxocariasis circulation and prevention.

Material and methods. Nematodes dehelminthization derived from animals. For the first time in Russian Federation, experiments have been conducted on infestation of earthworms Е. fеtidа with infective eggs Tоxоcаrа cаnis and Tоxоcаrа mystax.

Results. In the conducted experiments, possibility is proved of infestation of earthworms Е. fеtidа with infective eggs Т. canis and Т. mystax via earth bacterized with 10000 infective eggs. For the first time migration was proved of ascaridate larvae from intestines to skin-muscular sac of the earthworms.

Conclusion. Besides, investigation was conducted aimed at finding out of the period duration of Т. canis and Т. mystax larvae staying in earthworms’ intestines and sinews.