Vol 102, No 4 (2023)
- Year: 2023
- Published: 29.05.2023
- Articles: 14
- URL: https://rjsocmed.com/0016-9900/issue/view/9593
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Hygienic assessment of lifestyle, work pressure and regime, health status and psychological well-being in teachers
Abstract
Introduction. The state of health in students in schools is directly dependent on the state of health and psycho-emotional well-being in teachers.
The purpose of the study: to substantiate the algorithm for assessing the provision of favourable conditions for the professional activities of schoolteachers based on an analysis of the lifestyle, work intensity and work regime, the state of health and psychological well-being in teachers.
Materials and methods. The object of the study were teachers, tools for assessing the health promoting activities of schools. Surveys of lifestyle, work management, psychological status in teachers, medical examinations were conducted; analysis of tools for assessing the health promoting activities of schools.
Results. Teachers are mostly women aged 30 to 59 years, with an average teaching experience of 23 years, have favourable family and living conditions. The optimal intensity of the teacher’s activity was found in 3.3%, acceptable – in 76.7%, tense of the 1st degree (harmful) – in 20.0%. 74.1% of teachers had a high level of occupatonal stress. Most teachers care little for their health. The leading behavioural risk factors for teachers are irrational unbalanced nutrition, irrational management of work and rest, low physical activity.
Limitations. The use of a complex of research methods was one of the strengths of the study, which made it possible to identify potential factors affecting the health of teachers and develop an algorithm for assessing the provision of favourable conditions for the professional activities of schoolteachers. The program of an in-depth examination with the determination of the state of health and psychological status included only primary school teachers in Moscow, so the results of the study may vary depending on the place of residence (region) and personal characteristics, but can be generalized in relation to persons with similar background characteristics and conditions.
Conclusion. Modern professional risk factors for the health of teachers are determined. For the first time, indicators and an algorithm for assessing the provision of favourable conditions for the professional activity of schoolteachers are proposed.
Compliance with ethical standards. Research involving schoolteachers was done on a voluntary basis, with sufficient information available to be understood, in compliance with the ethical standards set out in the Declaration of Helsinki, the international ethical guidelines for conducting biomedical research on humans.
Patient consent. Each participant of the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal “Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)”.
Contribution:
Kuchma V.R. — the concept and design of the study, editing;
Sokolova S.B. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text;
Rapoport I.K. — collection and processing of material, editing;
Chubarovsky V.V. — collection and processing of material, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: January 24, 2023 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
318-327
The role of abdominal obesity in the development of cardiopulmonary disorders in aluminum industry workers
Abstract
Introduction. Cardiopulmonary disorders should be considered as a complex process, in the pathogenesis of which excess body weight can play an important role. Without timely prevention, the processes of inflammation and hypoxia, characteristic of abdominal obesity, can accelerate the development of cardiopulmonary insufficiency. This is especially relevant for workers in metallurgical industries with harmful working conditions.
Materials and methods. The study included one hundred thirteen long-term labour experience workers of the main occupations of aluminum production and 66 workers of the paramilitary mine rescue brigade. The average age of metallurgists was 47.81±0.43 years, mine rescuers — 46.91± 0.53 years, p=0.213.
All the subjects underwent a study of the external respiration function and echocardiography according to standard methods.
Results. In persons with abdominal obesity the average values of the vital lung capacity were significantly lower: 83.59±2.19% vs. 91.16±1.31% (p=0.0021) among metallurgists and 86.43±2.67% vs. 94.63±1.43% (p=0.0041) among the workers of the paramilitary mine rescue brigade, a similar pattern was revealed in terms of the forced exhalation volume for the first second — 77.1±2.41 vs. 88.24±1.38% (p=0.00003) and 85.6±3.13% vs. 93.34±1.31% (p=0.0094), respectively.
The studied average values of the indices of diastolic function of the right ventricle were typical for the development of its dysfunction in metallurgists, and also indicated the absence of the influence of abdominal obesity on them in all examined subjects.
Limitations. The study was limited by the number of the examined persons undergoing periodic medical examination at the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases.
Conclusion. Lower respiratory indices were recorded in persons with abdominal obesity, while obstructive ventilation disorders were detected only in aluminum production workers. Abdominal obesity was not associated with the indices of diastolic function of the right ventricle. The tendency to the formation of diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle had been noted in the workers of the main occupations of aluminum production.
Compliance with ethical standards. All subjects signed an informed consent to participate in the study, the protocol of which corresponded to the requirements of the Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, executed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association “Ethical Principles for Conducting Scientific Medical Researches Involving Humans” as amended in 2013 and the “Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation”, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 dated 19.06.2003.
Contribution:
Filimonov E.S. — the concept and design of the study, statistical processing, writing a text;
Korotenko O.Yu. — the concept and design of the study, collection of material, writing a text;
Ulanova E.V. — collection of material, writing a text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: January 9, 2023 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
328-332
The effectiveness of personal protective equipment made of metallized materials when exposed to extreme levels of infrared radiation
Abstract
Introduction. The results of the study of the nature of the formation of the thermal state in workers under the influence of extreme levels of the heating microclimate with multifactorial exposure against the background of heavy physical labour, justify the need to develop and experimentally evaluate a set of preventive measures. Such measures need to prevent chronic overheating, with the mandatory use by workers of modern effective personal protective equipment from infrared radiation.
The purpose of the study — the study of the effectiveness of personal protective equipment made of metallized materials in real production conditions, for the prevention of chronic overheating from exposure to extreme levels of infrared radiation with multifactorial exposure against the background of heavy physical labour.
Materials and methods. To assess the possibility of using personal protective equipment in the conditions of modern forging and pressing production, there were taken protective clothing sets made of the material OXA-440, consisting of a cotton-asbestos lining and a metallized material with an aluminum surface. In the manufacture of prototypes of workwear, the topography and the estimated area of the irradiated area of the body surface, and the moisture and air tightness of metallized materials, were taken into account. The effectiveness of personal protective equipment was evaluated with taking into account the indicators of the thermal state of the workers of the main occupations who used two sets of the specified protective clothing alternately. The thermal state of the body was studied in accordance with the guidelines of the MUK 4.3.1895-04 and the provisions of the standard GOST R ISO 9886-2008. Studies on the hygienic assessment of workwear were carried out in the cold and warm periods of the year. A questionnaire survey was conducted to subjectively assess the usability, design and protective properties of workwear made of metallized material.
Results. The main sources of thermal radiation in the studied production are incandescent to a temperature of over 1200°C with metal forgings of various lengths and various profile configurations, which largely determine the variability in the degree of radiation intensity of the radiant energy flow at the workplaces of blacksmiths and heaters. The formed thermal state of the workers of the specified occupational groups, dressed in standard cotton workwear, during the performance of the main work operations during the first half of the working shift in the cold and warm periods of the year, is estimated as the maximum permissible, requiring a limit of working time — no more than one hour per working shift. The use of workwear made of metallized materials in the cold period of the year led to a slight improvement in the thermal condition, which allowed to prolong the time spent at the workplace to 2 hours. When using the original design of a protective suit made of a metallized material characterized by moisture — and air-tight properties and covering a large area of the body surface during the warm period of the year, no improvement in the thermal condition of the workers was observed. According to the questionnaire survey, good reflective and mechanical properties of the test material were revealed. The expressed wishes and suggestions of the workers in the areas of improving the design of workwear suggest the development of new design samples of special protective clothing made of this metallized material, taking into account these comments.
Limitations. The chosen research method determines the limitation on the possibility of its use in relation to a specific production, characterized by the multifactorial nature of the production environment against the background of heavy physical labour and extreme levels of infrared radiation determined by the specifics of the technological process.
The obtained research results objectify the subject of further research — the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of new design samples of special protective clothing made of metallized materials.
Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies have shown good reflective and mechanical properties of the new metallized materials. During the questionnaire survey, the workers expressed their wishes and suggestions for improving the design of workwear sets, which must be taken into account when creating new design samples of special protective clothing, for their subsequent use as the main means of protection when working under conditions of exposure to extreme levels of industrial infrared radiation.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study was conducted in accordance with ethical and legal standards set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki), voluntary informed consent of all subjects was obtained.
Patient consent. Each participant of the study (or his legal representative) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".
Conflict of interest. The author declares no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: December 9, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
333-338
Prospects of using Securinega suffruticosa (Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehd.) as a dietary supplement for theprevention of occupation-caused polyneuropathy (literary review)
Abstract
Polyneuropathy is the syndrome of vibration disease, which occupies one of the leading places in the structure of occupational diseases in industrialized regions. Vibration impact on the body causes a change in neurohumoral control, functional parameters of the nervous system, leads to the development of tissue hypoxia and damage to the cells of various organs. The key direction in the elaboration of means for the prevention of these disorders is the search for new biologically active compounds with adaptogenic properties. Of particular interest as a medicinal raw material is suffruticous Securinega (Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehd.). In the extracts of this plant there were found following biologically active compounds: alkaloids, terpenoids, unsaturated styrenes, glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, etc. The most studied alkaloid, securinine, has a wide range of pharmacological activity: anticancer, antimicrobial, and stimulating effects on the central nervous system.
The review describes the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the adaptogenic action of Securinega in various pathological conditions. In vitro and in vivo experiments extracts from Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehd. were shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, improve cell metabolism, and have antioxidant properties. It has been established that Securinega can be a potential therapeutic agent for early atherosclerosis, for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with systemic neuroinflammatory processes. Continuing the study of the biological effect of the plant can become the base for its scientifically justified preventive use when workers are exposed to harmful production factors, including local and whole-body vibration.
The review was prepared using the MedLine, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka, and RSCI databases.
Contribution:
Gorokhova L.G. — the concept and design of the study, collection of material and data processing, writing the text;
Zhukova A.G. — the concept and design of the study, writing the text;
Izmailov A.I. — collection of material and data processing, writing the text;
Mikhailova N.N. — writing the text, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: January 5, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
339-344
Polymorphism of antioxidant defense enzyme genes as the risk for formation of chronic dust bronchitis in long-term labour experience coal mine workers
Abstract
Introduction. The antioxidant defense system is involved in protecting the body from long-term exposure to harmful damaging factors. Polymorphisms in the genes of antioxidant defense enzymes change the response to oxidative stress in occupational respiratory diseases such as asbestosis, silicosis, occupational asthma, and others.
The aim was to study the polymorphism of the MnSOD (rs4880) and GPX1 (rs1050450) genes to predict the risk of developing chronic dust bronchitis in miners of the main occupations of coal enterprises in the South of Kuzbass.
Materials and methods. One hundred eighty two coal mine workers with long-term exposure to high concentrations of coal-rock dust (exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations by up to 35 times), including 116 people with a previously proven diagnosis of chronic dust bronchitis, were examined. The comparison group (66 workers) consisted of the persons without a proven diagnosis, working in the same sanitary and hygienic conditions. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes using phenol-chloroform extraction method. Typing of the MnSOD (rs4880) and GPX1 (rs1050450) genes was performed using the Real-Time method.
Results. The chance of detecting the AA genotype of the MnSOD gene and the GG genotype of the GPX1 gene in long-term labour experience miners with chronic dust bronchitis was found to be 2 times and 6 times higher than in the comparison group, respectively. The AA GPX1 genotype had been shown to be a factor in resistance to the development of this disease. The combination of AA/GG genotypes of the MnSOD/GPX1 genes was statistically significantly associated with a 1.5-fold risk of developing chronic dust bronchitis. Combinations of genotypes of the MnSOD/GPX1 GG/AA, AA/AA, and AG/AA genes were associated with the resistance to the development of chronic dust bronchitis. The data obtained can be used for personalized prediction of the risk of developing chronic dust bronchitis in long-term labour experience miners of the main occupations.
Limitations. The study was limited to the number of miners who underwent periodic medical examinations and were hospitalized at the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases.
Conclusion. The results obtained indicate to the contribution of the polymorphism of the MnSOD (rs4880) and GPX1 (rs1050450) genes to the development of chronic dust bronchitis.
Compliance with ethical standards. The examination of the patients complied with the ethical standards of the Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, elaborated in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Association “Ethical Principles of Conducting Scientific Medical Research with Human Participation” as amended in 2013 and “Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation”, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 200n of April 01, 2016. Each study participant gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and to publish personal medical information in depersonalized form in the Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal.
Contribution:
Kazitskaya A.S. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing, editing;
Yadykina T.K. — collection and processing of material;
Gulyaeva O.N. — collection and processing of material;
Panev N.I. — editing;
Zhukova A.G. — the concept and design of the study, writing a text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: December 12, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
345-350
Efficiency of the transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of occupational polyneuropathy
Abstract
Introduction. In occupational polyneuropathies, along with sensory and autonomic disorders, excessive sensory input can lead to the development of excitation foci in various parts of the central nervous system, clinical significance of which is currently insufficiently studied.
The aim of the study was the evaluation of the clinical effects of the transcranial magnetic stimulation in the dorsolateral zone of the prefrontal cortex in mine workers with occupational polyneuropathy.
Materials and methods. There were examined thirty six workers of coal mining enterprises of Kuzbass with a proven diagnosis of polyneuropathy of the upper extremities, the average age was 50.2±3.7 years, and the average work experience was 23.4±3.5 years. To confirm polyneuropathy, the parameters of sensory conduction along the nerves of the upper extremities were investigated using electroneuromyography, nerve conduction velocity along the median and ulnar nerves was determined. The assessment of autonomic rcontrol was carried out using spectral analysis of heart rate variability. The functional brain status was determined by an electroencephalogram.
Results. The patients complained of pain in the extremities, numbness and paresthesia. According to electroneuromyography, there was a decrease in the nerve conduction velocity along the somatic sensory nerves of the upper extremities, a reduction in the power of oscillations in all frequency ranges of the heart rate variability spectrum, which was more pronounced in the high frequency range. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal cortex zone of the right hemisphere was performed with a stimulus with a frequency of 1 Hz for 5 min, over a course of 5 procedures, after which a statistically significant increase in the average nerve conduction velocity along the somatic sensory nerves of the upper extremities, and a rise in the spectral parameters of the heart rate variability were observed. An increase in the alpha rhythm index at the electroencephalogram indicated an amplification of the integrative brain activity, which provided a wide range of regulatory processes. The patients noted a decrease in the intensity of pain, the severity of sensitive disorders, and improvement in general well-being.
Limitations. The study is limited to the number of mine workers with a proven diagnosis of upper extremity polyneuropathy, without cardiac arrhythmias, structural damage and metal implants in the brain.
Conclusion. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral zone of the prefrontal cortex is effective in correcting sensory and autonomic disorders in occupationally caused polyneuropathy by activating suprasegmentary autonomic centers involved in systemic adaptation processes. It is promising to further expand the list of stimulation targets and create effective protocols for the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study complies with the ethical standards of the Bioethical Committee at the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, elaborated in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association “Ethical Principles for Conducting Research Involving Humans” as amended in 2013 and “Rules of Clinical Practice”, approved by Order of the Ministry of Health in the Russian Federation No. 200n from 01/04/2016.
Contribution:
Martynov I.D. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing the text;
Yamshchikova A.V. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, editing;
Fleishman A.N. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Petrovskiy S.A. — editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: February 2, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
351-355
Burnout syndrome and risk factors for the development of cardiovascular pathology in coal industry workers suffering from occupational diseases
Abstract
Introduction. Emotional burnout is a condition common among workers in “helping” occupations. The syndrome of emotional burnout among workers of the main occupations of the coal industry has not been studied enough, especially in terms of its relationship with such indicators of mental health as personal, situational anxiety and alexithymia. The relationship between emotional burnout syndrome and risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases has not been sufficiently studied.
The purpose of the study to investigate the relationship of emotional burnout syndrome with the level of personal, situational anxiety and alexithymia, and the frequency of risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as smoking, overweight, arterial hypertension and low physical activity in coal industry workers with occupational diseases.
Materials and methods. Two hundred seventy-two coal miners with occupational diseases (dust lung pathology, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, vibration disease) were examined using questionnaires by V.V. Boyko, Spielberger-Khanin, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale. According to the survey, the frequency of smoking and low physical activity was determined, the frequency of arterial hypertension and overweight was identified by the results of a clinical examination.
Results. The prevalence of emotional burnout syndrome was 27.9%. A higher frequency of personal anxiety (61.1%), situational anxiety (57.1%) and alexithymia (94.7%) was revealed in emotional burnout syndrome. The frequency of smoking, arterial hypertension tended to increase with emotional burnout, the frequency of overweight, and low physical activity did not differ.
Limitations. The study was limited to a sample of 272 coal miners with occupational diseases, examined using questionnaires by V.V. Boyko, Spielberger-Khanin, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale.
Conclusions. Emotional burnout syndrome is associated with the development of personal and situational anxiety, alexithymia and may be a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study was carried out in compliance with the ethical principles of conducting medical research involving people as subjects of research (Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association of the last revision). Each study participant gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and to publish personal medical information in anonymized form in the Hygiene and Sanitation journal.
Contribution:
Vlakh N.I. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing a text;
Danilov I.P. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text;
Evseeva N.A. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing;
Pestereva D.V. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing;
Paneva N.Ya. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing;
Logunova T.D. — editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: February 2, 2023 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
356-361
Clinical effects of ischemic preconditioning in polyneuropathy of various origins
Abstract
Introduction. Polyneuropathies are widespread among the population. Diabetes mellitus and industrial vibration are common causes of polyneuropathy, having common links of pathogenesis involving the autonomic nervous system. The therapeutic effects of ischemic preconditioning are realized by influencing pathogenetic mechanisms, and therefore their study in polyneuropathies of various genesis is of scientific interest.
The aim of the study was to investigate the remote clinical effects of ischemic preconditioning in polyneuropathies of various genesis.
Materials and methods. Twenty-five patients divided into 2 groups with lower extremity polyneuropathy of vibration and diabetic genesis were examined.
A clinical and electroneuromyographic study of the peripheral nerves of the lower extremities was performed. An analysis of heart rate variability before and after the treatment with ischemic preconditioning of the upper extremities was executed.
Results. In both groups of the patients with polyneuropathy a decrease in clinical manifestations in the form of pain syndrome and sensitive disorders (numbness and paresthesia), an improvement in vibration sensitivity, an increase in impulse conduction velocity, mainly along the peripheral sensory nerve fibers were revealed. The analysis of heart rate variability after performing of ischemic preconditioning showed a gaining of the power of very low frequency oscillations, which indicated to an increase in the compensatory capabilities of autonomic regulation.
Limitations. The investigation was limited by studying the clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of the peripheral nervous system in 25 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and vibration disease caused by the exposure to local and whole-body vibration.
Conclusion. After the course of treatment of the pain syndrome, sensitive and autonomic disorders decrease with an increase in the compensatory possibilities of autonomic regulation, the functions of conducting along sensory nerves improve. Positive distant effects of ischemic preconditioning in the correction of manifestations of vibration and diabetic polyneuropathies indicate to a systemic effect on the mechanisms of autonomic regulation. The distance is manifested in the remoteness of the appearance of effects from the place of application of the technique.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study was performed by non-invasive methods and complies with the ethical standards of the Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, elaborated in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki by the World Medical Association “Ethical Principles for Conducting Scientific Research Involving Humans” as amended in 2013 and “Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation” approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 dated June 19, 2003.
Contribution:
Yamshchikova A.V. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, collection of literature data, statistical processing, writing a text;
Fleishman A.N. — the concept and design of the study, editing;
Martynov I.D. — editing;
Bychkovskaya T.A. — collection and processing of material;
Kungurova A.A. — collection and processing of material;
Maklakova T.P. — collection and processing of material, editing. All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: February 8, 2023 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
362-366
Assessment of socio-economic, industrial factors affecting the health of oil workers
Abstract
Introduction. To a large extent, the personal state of health is determined by the lifestyle. A healthy lifestyle and preventive activity in workers are important factors in reducing risks for developing chronic non-communicable diseases. Ensuring a healthy, active life dictates the need for widespread implementation of self-assessment methods in the working population.
Materials and methods. A sociological survey of one hundred twenty three oil-extraction workers in Western Siberia was conducted. The socio-hygienic study included an assessment of working conditions, damage to health caused by work environment factors, attitude to the environmental situation, and measures aimed at workers’ health promotion.
Results. When analyzing the survey of oil-extraction workers, 94.2% of respondents have been shown to appreciate family relationships. One of the important factors of family well-being is the availability of home ownership (84.9%).
Analysis of the results obtained shows the majority oil workers to satisfy with their working conditions (89.9%) despite a significant number of respondents were aware of the presence of hazardous occupational factors at their workplace: exposure to harmful chemicals (32.7%), the impact of unfavourable microclimate conditions (31.5%), fire and explosion hazards (31.0%), the impact of industrial noise (15.0%), responsibility for the safety of workers (13.3%), the risk of injury (12.4%), long-term work at the computer (10.6%).
A sociological survey conducted has shown 68.9% of oil workers to consider their health status to be excellent or good. At the same time, 86.2% of respondents complain of having chronic diseases. A low healthcare activity level among oil-extraction workers has been established (73.3% of respondents do not refer to doctors, 68.9% — do not follow the recommendations of doctors, 29.7% of respondents are engaged in self-treatment). At the same time, 65.8% of oil workers believe a healthy lifestyle to help them be healthy.
Limitations. A sociological study of 123 oil-extraction workers presenting a sufficient reference sample has been carried out. The limitation of this study is a high risk of subjectivity when answering the proposed questionnaire.
Conclusion. Analysis of the results obtained has shown that despite a significant number of respondents were aware of the presence of hazardous occupational factors at their workplace the majority of them (89.9%) were satisfied with their working conditions. The majority of oil workers complained of having chronic diseases, although they consider their health status to be excellent and good. A low healthcare activity level of the respondents has been revealed. The results of the conducted survey have shown that the subjective assessment of oil workers’ health does not correspond to the objective data obtained during the survey analysis. Improving the awareness of oil workers about the risk factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases is one of the important preventive measures. 65.8% of oil workers believe that a healthy lifestyle will help them be healthy. The main areas of preventive activities are primary prevention measures, including improving the management and the quality of all types of preventive medical examinations, the formation of motivation for health control, individual and group counseling aimed at the formation of a healthy lifestyle (information support, hygiene education, the formation of an effective motivation, assistance, and professional assistance in the control both smoking and increased alcohol consumption). It is important to carry out medical examination of persons with an increased risk of morbidity, aimed at reducing the level of influence of modifiable risk factors, timely diagnosis of diseases and rehabilitation, conducting courses of preventive treatment and aimed health improvement.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the bioethical commission of the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Protocol No. 01-03 of March 10, 2022. All study participants (or their legal representatives) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".
Contribution:
Gimranova G.G. — concept and design of the study, writing a text;
Bakirov A.B. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Shaikhlislamova E.R., Beigul N.A., Volgareva A.D., Masyagutova L.M., Zaydullin I.I., Abdrakhmanova E.R. — collection and processing of material.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: September 9, 2023 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
367-374
HYGIENE OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Hygienic and psychological assessment of the intensity of the remote educational process in grade schoolers
Abstract
Introduction. The management of the educational process for modern students is associated with the active and prolonged use of digital technologies and devices. If the studies of the past years have given a detailed and comprehensive assessment of hygienic risk factors in the traditional management of the educational process, now there is a need to clarify the hygienic safety of the management of the educational process in remote form and when using digital devices in teaching against the background of a high commitment of children and adolescents to use gadgets at leisure.
Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the intensity of the educational process in primary school students according to the federal recommendations of the Federal State Educational Institution “All-Russian Development Society for School and University Medicine and Health”-16-2015 (version 1.1) “Hygienic assessment of the intensity of students’ learning activities” in traditional and distance education forms according to the timing of seventy five lessons in mathematics and Russian language.
Results. In the distance learning form, compared with the traditional one, the intensity of educational work was found to increase from 2.9±0.05 points (class 3.1) to 3.4±0.02 points (class 3.1), p≤0.05 due to intense 2 degrees of intellectual loads (3.6±0.01 points), sensory loads (3.6±0.03 points), monotony (3.7±0.03 points) and intensity of the 1st degree of the mode of educational activity (3.1±0.03 points). The increase in sensory loads was associated with the use of information and communication tools during training, such as a computer, laptop, tablet, smartphone. Up to 15.3% of students during the traditional period and 35.5% of students during the distance education period used smartphones prohibited for teaching. The majority of students in the distance study form used a computer in 75.6% of cases, every third student (35.4%) used a laptop, with the traditional form of education, the proportion of students who used computers and laptops in teaching was 12.3–15.6%.
Limitations. The study on the assessment of the intensity of the educational process in various forms of education was limited by the fact that the sample was limited to primary school students, which does not allow extrapolating them to the total population of middle and senior level students. The timing of the intensity of educational activity in the lessons of mathematics and Russian language, which relate to difficult subjects, could determine a higher intensity of the educational process than if the assessment took into account all subjects.
Conclusion. The obtained data especially emphasize the relevance of the adopted hygienic standards governing the total time of using information and communication tools both during the school day in the classroom and taking into account the entire time budget per day, and the need to control their use by students.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study was carried out in compliance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association in the current edition (WMA Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects), including before the study, voluntary informed consent was obtained from the legal representatives of the students and approved by the local Ethics Committee at the FSBEI in the OrGMU of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Protocol No... from ... 2019).
Contribution:
Bulycheva E.V. — concept and design of research, collection and processing of material;
Antokhin E.Yu. — writing text, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: December 16, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
375-381
FOOD HYGIENE
Analysis of the transformation of normative documents on the management of nutrition of children and adolescents: History and modernity (literature review)
Abstract
One of the main tasks of modern society and the state as a whole is the preservation and strengthening of the health of the younger generation. Legislative documents regulating the requirements for catering for children must be strictly observed. The article considers the main managing and methodological results of their implementation in different periods of time in children’s educational institutions.
The purpose of the study is to study the available archival data of regulatory documents on the management of nutrition for children and adolescents, their transformation of practical application in the historical aspect.
The analysis of changes in requirements to normative documents on the management of nutrition of the child population according to the available archival data, data from the literature of the Soviet and post-Soviet period, published in such information sources as scientific electronic libraries: elibrary.ru, CyberLeninka.
The study of archival regulatory and methodological documents on the management of nutrition for children and adolescents showed that the base for their development and reprinting was the changes taking place in the world, the country, the sanitary and epidemiological situation, the development of science, the industrialization of production. The management of children’s nutrition has always been considered in conjunction with environmental factors, which justified its importance in increasing the resistance of the child’s body to various adverse factors.
Conclusion. Issues of both food safety and the assessment of the fulfillment of the norms of the physiological needs of the child in the management of nutrition in educational institutions should always remain a priority in the implementation of control and supervisory activities. Improving the legal framework, taking into account modern requirements for the management of education and upbringing of children and adolescents, catering, is aimed at preventing intestinal infections, at reducing the risk of alimentary-dependent diseases.
Contribution:
Tapeshkina N.V. — the concept and design of the study; collection and processing of material, writing a text;
Erdeeva S.V. — collection and processing of material;
Korsakova T.G. — collection and processing of material;
Logunova T.D. — editing the text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: February 1, 2023 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
382-386
SOCIO-HYGIENIC MONITORING
Contribution of specific age groups and classes of death causes to the life expectancy of the population of the Novosibirsk Region
Abstract
Introduction. Life expectancy is an important public health criterion. An assessment of its trend, taking into account the contribution of individual causes of death, makes it possible to form a healthcare strategy at the regional level.
The purpose of the investigation was to study the contribution of individual age groups and leading classes of death causes to the trend of the life expectancy for 2005–2020, the elimination reserves of the life expectancy of the population of the Novosibirsk Region in 2020.
Material and methods. The calculations were based on mortality rates by gender, five-year age groups, and causes of death from the Russian Database on Fertility and Mortality of the Center for Demographic Research of the Russian Economic School. The methods of constructing brief tables of mortality, linear approximation, and the method of components were used to calculate the contribution of specific age groups and causes of death to the trend of the life expectancy and its elimination reserves.
Results. The increase in life expectancy in the Novosibirsk region during the study period took place in 2 stages. In 2005-2009 the growth of the indicator was largely ensured by reducing the mortality of people of working age, especially men, from external causes. Further increase in life expectancy in 2009–2019 associated with a decrease in mortality of people older than working age, in particular women from diseases of the circulatory system. In 2020, the coronavirus pandemic contributed to a decline in the life expectancy for men to the level of 2015, and for women until 2011.
Limitations. Territorial, temporary. The trend in the life expectancy of men and women of the Novosibirsk Region for 2005–2020 was studied.
Conclusion. When developing federal, regional socio-demographic programs, and planning the work of the healthcare system, it is necessary to take into account the identified features of the trend of mortality, life expectancy, and reserves for its increase. Particular attention should be paid to increasing the availability of medical care and programs for the health-saving behaviour spesific of the population.
Compliance with ethical standards. This study did not require an Ethics Committee opinion.
Contribution of authors:
Babenko A.I. — concept of the study, editing;
Baran O.I. — collection, processing and analysis of the material, text writing, study design;
Babenko E.A. — material analysis;
Kutumova O.Yu. — concept of the study, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: February 3, 2023 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
387-396
PREVENTIVE TOXICOLOGY AND HYGIENIC STANDARTIZATION
Experimental study of morphological changes in the heart and blood vessels in the course of chronic fluoride intoxication
Abstract
Introduction. Clinical studies have shown the development of a complex of non-specific changes in internal organs due to chronic fluoride intoxication. The accumulation of fluorine in the body initiates free radical oxidation, promotes the development of pathological processes in the heart against the background of an imbalance between pro- and antioxidants, and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Pathological activation of intima cells leads to unbalanced production of damaging factors, changes in the hemostasis system, and entails morphological and functional disorders of organs.
Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on one hundred twenty white male rats. A morphological study of the heart, blood vessels was performed out at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks of chronic fluoride intoxication.
Results. The 1st-3rd weeks of the experiment are characterized by the preservation of the morphological structure of the cardiac muscle against the background of the previously shown a compensatory activation of the components of the redox-signalling system, which provided a decrease in the intensity of free radical processes. With an increase in the duration of exposure to sodium fluoride (6–9 weeks) these mechanisms failure was noted, which was manifested by the development of degenerative changes in the myocardium, progressing up to the 12th week of the experiment. The described changes correlated with the development of endotheliosis, degenerative and fibroplastic processes, circulatory disorders in the vessels of the heart and other organs.
Limitations. Histological findings are descriptive.
Conclusion. The results obtained are of practical importance for the elaboration of effective methods for timely organ-protective prevention and correction of pathomorphological disorders, depending on the organ-specific features and duration of fluoride intoxication.
Compliance with ethical standards. Experimental studies were carried out in the period 2012-2019. The keeping, feeding and withdrawal animals from the experiment were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia of the Russian Federation “On approval of the Rules of Laboratory Practice” (No. 708n of 23.08.2010), of the Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation “On approval of the Rules of Good Laboratory Practice” (No. 199n of 01.04.2016), as well as the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (1996). Permission to conduct studies was obtained from the Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (protocol No. 1 of January 19, 2012, protocol No. 3 of November 26, 2018).
Contribution:
Bugaeva M.S. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing a text;
Bondarev O.I. — collection and processing of material;
Yadykina T.K. — collection and processing of material, editing;
Zhukova A.G. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing, editing;
Mikhailova N.N. — concept of the study, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: January 25, 2023 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
397-401
Assessment of the toxic effect of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride on the body
Abstract
Introduction. In modern medical practice, fluoxetine hydrochloride (prozac), referred to the group of highly effective antidepressants, is widely used for the treatment of mental disorders. In Russia, the domestic production of the drug with an economically feasible production technology has been managed.
In the synthesis of fluoxetine, the most important stage is the preparation of the main intermediate — 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride. Data on the toxic effect of this substance on the body in the open press, including in the international database PubChem, are not available.
The research aim was the study on the toxic effect of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride on the body of laboratory animals.
Materials and methods. When studying the toxic effect of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride in experiments on rats, the modes of single inhalation and subacute intragastric methods of exposure were reproduced. The effect of the substance on the condition of animals was assessed by the results of peripheral blood studies, biochemical blood serum parameters, morphological changes in internal organs including liver, kidneys, heart, stomach, pancreas and thyroid glands. Integral parameters were also used.
Results. The results of the examination of animals subjected to acute inhalation intoxication and subacute intragastric exposure showed the same type of the changes in the peripheral blood and biochemical profile. The intake of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride did not cause significant changes in the peripheral blood. The biochemical profile of the animals showed an increased activity of AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase. In the blood serum of the primed rats, an increased content of total cholesterol, triglycerides and urea with a reduced content of protein and bilirubin was found. The impact of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride at the morphological level revealed vascular disorders in all internal organs and moderately severe fatty degeneration of the liver and kidneys. In some parts of the liver, there was small-focus multi-lacular necrosis which covered groups of hepatocytes.
Limitations. The investigation is limited to the study on the toxicological characteristics of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride. In accordance with the directive documents on the protection of experimental animals, the number of in vivo experiments is limited which is connected with the dangers of animals and with public ethical views on in vivo experiments.
Conclusion. Different methods of intake of 3-methylaminopropiophenone hydrochloride under the conditions of acute inhalation and subacute intragastric experiments lead to a number of disorders of the hepatobiliary system with a negative impact on the common health status of the body. As an additional preventive measure to minimize the risk of acute and chronic intoxication in industries where contact with the substance is possible, including those involved in the synthesis of fluoxetine, an extended list of biochemical blood tests, ultrasound obsservation of the liver as part of periodic medical examinations of workers can be offered.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Protocol No.4§1, dated December 5, 2022). The keeping, feeding and withdrawal of the animals from the experiment were carried out in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrates Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123), Directive 2010/63/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific research goals.
Contribution:
Gorokhova L.G. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing the text;
Kizichenko N.V. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing;
Bugaeva M.S. — carrying out morpho-histological researches, writing the text;
Mikhailova N.N. — editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: December 13, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: May 29, 2023
402-406
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 37884 от 02.10.2009.