Nutrition and the North: hygienic problems of the Arctic zone of Russia (the Review of the literature)

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Abstract

The review shows the main strategic priorities and mechanisms for implementation of the Russian state policy in the Arctic. There is presented the characteristics of habitat factors affecting the health of the population in the North concerning extreme climate, photoperiodicity (Polar night, Polar day), lack of oxygen, the effect of magnetic storms, increased energy costs in performing any physical work, etc. There is presented information on the structure, quality, and safety of diets of the actual nutrition of indigenous and non-indigenous residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). The largest deficit in terms of consumption has been established to be noted for potatoes and other vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk and dairy products. The high carbohydrate load on the body attracts attention: the consumption of sugar exceeds the recommended sizes by 44% with the deficiency of essential proteins, most vitamins, and minerals. Substantial microbiological and chemical contamination of food raw materials and food products has been revealed. The peculiarity of the real rations of the actual nutrition of the indigenous and non-indigenous population of the Arctic zone is correspondingly reflected in protein, vitamin, mineral metabolism, antioxidant status and the biological age. Problems of the organization of food supply of regions and development of local raw materials base are discussed. To achieve greater adequacy of the diet to the needs of the body, the need for correction, optimization, personalization and ensuring the safety of nutrition of various populations in order to prevent nutritional deficiencies in the northern population is justified. At the same time, there are extremely important the introduction of new technologies aimed at maximum preservation of the food value of products, provision of the population with specialized products for preventive purposes, targeted multi-vitaminization of the population, and the implementation of systematic hygienic training in the principles of balanced nutrition.

About the authors

A. V. Istomin

F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Author for correspondence.
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7150-225X
Russian Federation

Irina N. Fedina

F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: infed@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6394-2220

MD, Ph.D., DSci., Professor, Head of Department of coordination and analysis scientific research of the F.F.Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Mytischi, 141014, Russian Federation.

e-mail: infed@yandex.ru

Russian Federation

S. V. Shkurikhina

F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2826-3676
Russian Federation

N. S. Kutakova

F.F. Erisman Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6645-1646
Russian Federation

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