Evaluation of health of the population living in the zone of the exposure to the plant on processing of ferrovanade alloys

A total of 366 children aged from 4 to 10 years living in the territory with the presence of vanadium at atmospheric air at a level of up to 1.2 MPC average daily dose (MPC add) and manganese — up to 2.2 MPCadd were examined. In conditions of the chronic aerogenic exposure to vanadium and manganese, unacceptable levels of chronic non-carcinogenic risk to respiratory health (HI up to 72.3) and central nervous system (HI up to 41.3) are formed. The comparison group included 358 children of similar age who were not exposed to vanadium and manganese. In exposed children, the average content of vanadium and manganese in the blood appeared by 1.1–3.5 times higher than the reference levels and by 4.2 times than in the comparison group. During the clinical-functional and laboratory examination every second child with a high blood content of vanadium and manganese was established to show chronic respiratory diseases and pathology of the nervous system. It was noted that in the observation group chronic lymphoproliferative diseases of the nasopharynx are diagnosed by 2.3 times, chronic allergic rhinitis — by 8.5 times more frequently. Every third child of the observation group was revealed to have a restrictive disorder of breathing. The syndrome of autonomus dysfunction occurred in 12% of exposed children and manifested as sinus bradyarrhythmia or sinus tachycardia. Exposed children with a high blood content of vanadium and manganese develop oxidative stress (1.3 times increase in the content of lipid hydroperoxide, a 1.3-fold decrease in the level of total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase in the blood serum), and a violation of the mechanisms of biological regulation at the molecular level (an increase in the level of nitric oxide, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, a decrease in the content of cyclic adenosine monophosphate).