On the risk assessment of the health of students of occupational colleges depending on the character of realized occupations

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Abstract

Introduction. At the prenosological level, the impact of vocational training conditions on the indices of health and the quality of life of college students who master groups of occupations that are different in nature and working conditions was assessed.

Material and methods. A survey of 1- and 3-year students engaged in vocational secondary education with conditionally “light” (woodworking and restoration) and “difficult” (welders and car mechanics) conditions of work practice was conducted. The questionnaire of quality of life (MOS SF-36) was used, medical and social status was assessed (complaints, the presence of chronic diseases, assessment of well-being, the severity of fatigue, ARVI morbidity rate). The results are processed according to the standard software package using evidence-based medicine.

Results. There were obtained marked differences in the nature of the influence of learning conditions on the health and quality of life of students undergoing industrial training in different hygienic conditions. The impact of training and production load during the development of conditionally “light” professions was accompanied by an increase in the health index of graduates, a decrease in the frequency of complaints of headaches and pain associated with ARVI, an increase in undifferentiated complaints. Indices of the quality of life were characterized by an increase in role-based physical functioning (RPF) and a decrease in mental health (MH), which was correlated with increased fatigue. When teaching “hard” occupations in 3-year students, there was an increase in the total number of complaints, complaints of weakness, complaints related to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), musculoskeletal system and other (undifferentiated) complaints. Indicators of quality of life decreased according to two parameters of physical health (RPF and GIT) and two parameters of mental health (role emotional functioning and MH).

Conclusion. The significant contribution of occupational training to the deterioration of functional capabilities and the quality of life associated with health is shown for college graduates who learn occupations a profession with “hard” working conditions. Attention is drawn to new forms of the implementation of vocational training in the dual (practice-oriented) training system with an increase in production training time at the workplaces of enterprises, as well as issues of improving the medical support system for students in vocational colleges.

About the authors

V. R. Kuchma

National Medical Research Center for Children's Health

Author for correspondence.
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1410-5546
Russian Federation

Evgeniya I. Shubochkina

National Medical Research Center for Children's Health

Email: adlabhyg@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3557-3867

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Chief Researcher of the Department of Complex Problems of Hygiene of Children and Adolescents, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.

e-mail: adlabhyg@yandex.ru

Russian Federation

O. I. Yanushanets

I.A. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9831-6323
Russian Federation

V. V. Cheprasov

National Medical Research Center for Children's Health

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8296-510X
Russian Federation

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