Current trends in the sanitary-epidemiological situation on the incidence of occupational brucellosis

Introduction. Brucellosis belongs to zooantroponoses, the relevance of which is connected with widespread in several regions of the Russian Federation and the unfavorable employment outlook for cases of persons.

Material and methods. Based on updated data, the modern trends of the sanitary-epidemiological situation on the incidence of occupational brucellosis in the Federal districts of Russia, including occupational cohorts, conditions, diagnosis, and occupational prognosis were analyzed.

Results. In the period from 2011 to 2017, 412 cases of occupational brucellosis (OB) were shown to be registered in rural regions. OB was proved to rank third in the nosological structure of accumulated occupational pathology (14.6%). Despite the downward linear trend in the frequency of detection of OB, its prevalence in the nosological structure of the primary occupational morbidity of the working rural population did not undergo statistically significant changes and was within the range of 10.28 - 17.16%. Most often, the disease was detected in workers in occupations as follows: animal breeder, veterinarian, milker/operator of machine milking, and veterinary paramedic, infected during industrial contact with cattle. The North-Caucasus, Siberian, and Southern Federal districts were the most disadvantaged regions of the Russian Federation in terms of the OB incidence. In 96.6% of cases, OB was represented by a residual form, diagnosed in 88.5% of cases with self-treatment. The late diagnosis of OB and the high percentage of workers with primary established loss of performance (59.5%) could be related to both the virulence of Brucella abortus and the low quality of periodic medical examinations and limited availability of primary occupational pathology care in rural regions.

Conclusion. Reducing the level of the OB incidence is not possible without strictly controlling the timeliness, completeness of coverage and regulated volume of periodic medical examinations, increasing the level of awareness and awareness of occupational risks, compliance with sanitary and veterinary rules for the prevention and control of infectious diseases common to humans and animals.