Features of the immune status of middle and high school students in conditions of high blood content of a number of exogenous chemical impurities

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Abstract

Introduction. The quality of the habitat and increasing intensity of the educational load determine the negative changes of the health of schoolchildren, associated with a violation of immune mechanisms adaptation.

Purpose. Study of features of the immune status of schoolchildren in the conditions of excessive hapten contamination by exogenous chemical factors.

Materials and methods. Students who live in territories differing in the formation of excessive human-made chemical contamination (total 162 students) of senior and secondary education levels were examined. The analysis of contaminants in biological media utilizing gas chromatography method, high-performance liquid chromatography method, mass spectrometry method was performed. The state of cellular immunity was evaluated by the reaction of phagocytosis using formalinized ram erythrocytes and CD-immunogram parameters by flow cytometry. The state of humoral immunity identified with the production of serum immunoglobulins by radial immunodiffusion, as well as expression of specific antibodies to chemical factors by the method of allergosorbent testing.

Results. We revealed an association of excess content of lead, nickel, formaldehyde, benzene, phenol in blood with deficiency phagocytic activity, imbalance of CD-subpopulations of immunocompetent cells characterized by the predominance of T lymphocytic activation (CD3+-lymphocytes), and a decrease in B-lymphocytes (CD19+-cells) both concerning the norm and to the group of schoolchildren with a permissible level of contaminating load. Secondary and senior students differed in imbalance of the immunoregulatory index CD4+/CD8+, and lower expression was revealed in high school students serum immunoglobulins IgM and IgA. In schoolchildren with excessive hapten contamination, there is a high level of sensitization to exogenous chemical factors according to the specific IgE antibodies to nickel, formaldehyde, and IgG to benzene, phenol, lead.

Conclusion. The revealed imbalance of immune profile indices reflects the state of immunological health of schoolchildren, and the indices of cellular (immunoregulatory index CD4+/CD8+) and humoral (specific antihapten reagins) immunity, can be used as diagnostic for assessing the immune status in schoolchildren of secondary and senior levels of education in the conditions of excessive hapten contamination.

About the authors

Kseniya G. Starkova

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Author for correspondence.
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5162-9234
Russian Federation

Oleg V. Dolgikh

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: oleg@fcrisk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4860-3145

MD, Ph.D., DSci., Head of the Department of Immunobiological Methods of Diagnostics of the Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies”, doctor of medicine, 614045, Perm, Russian Federation.

e-mail: oleg@fcrisk.ru

Russian Federation

Olga A. Kazakova

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies” of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0114-3930
Russian Federation

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