Assessment of the content of toxic and essential elements in the urine of children residing in rural and industrial regions in Western Urals

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Abstract

Introduction. The element composition of urine is relevant and demanded index in biomedical, biomonitoring studies to assess the level of contamination of biological media and public health risks.

Material and methods. The content of 12 elements (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Cd, Tl, Pb) in urine of unexposed children (n = 100 and n = 57, respectively, average age < 6 years) residing in the rural and industrial region of the Western Urals was determined by ICP-MS using Agilent 7500cx inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, USA) with an octopole reaction / collision cell (ORS). The measurement was carried out according to Methodical Guidelines 4.1. 3230-14 (FR.1.31.2014.17064) developed by the authors. Urine samples were directly analyzed after 1/10 dilution (V / V) with 1% nitric acid solution. The validity of the results was confirmed by analysis of standard urine samples SERONORMTM urine (Norway). The results were presented as basic statistical indices: minimum and maximum values, arithmetic mean (AM), geometric mean (GM), 5th, 50th, 95th percentiles, and were interpreted in accordance with current international requirements.

Results. In the unexposed group of children the arithmetic mean (AM) for vanadium is 0.68 μ/l; chromium - 1.91 μg/l; manganese 0.96 - μg/l; nickel - 1.84 μg/l; copper - 13.28 μg/l; zinc - 270.56 μg/l; arsenic - 18.- 99 μg/l; selenium - 22.55 μg/l; strontium - 239.09 μg/l; cadmium - 0.12 μg/l; thallium - 0.16 μg/l; lead - 0.83 μg/l. The arithmetic mean in the group of children of the industrial territory for vanadium is - 0.72 μg/l; chromium - 2.13 μg/l; manganese - 1.11 μg/l; nickel - 2.76 μg/l; copper - 26.67 μg/l; zinc - 482.1 μg/l; arsenic - 10.09 μg/l; selenium - 32.84 μg/l; strontium - 1275.35 μg/l; cadmium - 0.122 μg/l; thallium - 0.16 μg/l; lead - 2.16 μg/l. Evaluation of the results of the study showed AM excess of nickel, copper, zinc, strontium and lead.

Conclusion. The paper presents regional features of the urine elemental composition in children who permanently reside in Western Urals’ rural and industrial areas. The study results based on the 95 percentile (P95) can be used as approximate reference data as a basis for assessing the risk associated with exposure to metals. The comparative evaluation of the obtained results with the reference concentrations used in Europe, the USA and Canada for national human biomonitoring programs was carried out.

About the authors

Tatyana S. Ulanova

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Author for correspondence.
Email: ulanova@fcrisk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9238-5598

MD, Ph.D. DSci., Head of the Department of Chemical and Analytical Research Methods Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies, Perm, 614045,Russian Federation.

e-mail: ulanova@fcrisk.ru

Russian Federation

Nina V. Zaitseva

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies; E.A.Wagner Perm State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2356-1145
Russian Federation

Galina A. Veikhman

Perm State Pharmaceutical Academy

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8490-7624
Russian Federation

Elena V. Stenno

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5772-2379
Russian Federation

Anna V. Nedoshitova

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6514-7239
Russian Federation

Marina V. Volkova

Federal Scientific Center for Medical and Preventive Health Risk Management Technologies

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0600-4075
Russian Federation

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