Regulation of cadmium in the soil according to its effect on plants

Introduction. There is discussed the influence of various concentrations of Cd in the soil taking into account their established limiting values on plants in the publication.

Materials and methods. An express experiment was performed with Cd concentrations (0.5; 1.0; 2.5; 5.0 mg/kg) on Avena sativa L. and Sinapis alba L. using the phytotesting method. In a series of vegetation experiments, cultures of Lactuca sativa var. capitata and Hordeum vulgare L. were used. In this case, the Cd concentration increased to 15 mg/kg.

Results. A pronounced level of toxicity (>50%) is manifested in the concentration of cadmium above 5 mg/kg, as established in preliminary experiments on podzolic soil. The results of vegetation studies indicate a pronounced negative effect of cadmium at concentrations above 5 mg/kg, regardless of the forms of its intake (State standard sample (SSS) and Cd(NO₃)₂). The biomass of barley and lettuce plants) is reduced by 54 and 36%, respectively (Cd in the form of SSS) and by 35 and 44% (Cd in the form of Cd(NO₃)₂). An increase in the content of Cd in the soil at a level of ~8–13 mg/kg accompanied by a high level of its accumulation in plants from 18.5 to 33.0 µg/g.

Limitations. When studying the effect of cadmium at concentrations of 0.5–15 mg/kg in soil on plants in acute and chronic experiments, the following crops were used: Avena sativa L. and Sinapis alba L., Hordeum vulgare L. and Lactuca sativa var. To restrict a chemical element in the soil-plant system, one should strive to extend the duration of the study and diversify the choice of crops.

Conclusion. The tested doses of cadmium may have some negative effects and increase the risk to human health. Doses of cadmium corresponding to the approximate permissible concentrations of this element in the soil reduce the quality of plant material, confirmed by its high concentrations.

Compliance with ethical standards. This study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.

Contribution:
Voronina L.P. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing the text, editing;
Kiryakova N.A. — concept and design of the study;
Ponogaybo K.E. — collection and processing of material, writing the text, editing;
Abramov E.G. — collection and processing of material, editing;
Savostikova O.N. — editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: April 26, 2023 / Accepted: September 26, 2023 / Published: December 8, 2023