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Fig. 4. Karst types of the Southern Urals and Cis-Urals by (Smirnov, 2023). Karst country of the East European Plain (I): I-A – plain karst in horizontally and hollowly bedded rocks of the western piedmont of the Ural Mountains; I-Б – plain and foothill karst of the western piedmont of the Ural Mountains in hollowly bedded and weakly dislocated rocks. Ural karst country (II): II-A – mountainous and foothill karst in strongly dislocated formations of the Urals; II-Б – plain karst in folded clastic deposits of the Trans-Urals. Types of karsts by the composition of karst rocks: 1 – sulfate, 2 – carbonate, 3 – sulfate-carbonate, 4 – clastokarst, 5 – territories with no karst occurrences. Local manifestations of traditional types of karsts: 6 – sulfate karst, 7 – carbonate karst, 8 – clastokarst. Manifestations of non-traditional types of karsts: 9 – sulfide, 10 – salt, 11 – calcareous tuff, 12 – in marbles, 13 – contemporary karst dips with fixed time of formation. Nival-corrosive wells: 14 – areas with area distribution of wells (karst fields): A – Aurgazinsky, Б – Seleuksky; 15 – local (single) distribution of wells. Borders: 16 – karst countries, 17 – karst types by the character of relief and conditions of rock occurrence, 18 – subjects of the Russian Federation. |