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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Sociology of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sociology of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Социология медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2810</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2942</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">690017</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/socm690017</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZBSXCU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH AND DISEASE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИОЛОГИЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ И БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of regional morbidity of ear and mastoid diseases (Ryazan Region): a cohort study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ региональной заболеваемости болезнями уха и сосцевидного отростка (на примере Рязанской области): когортное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2738-5702</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lipson</surname><given-names>Dmitriy Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Липсон</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Юльевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>dlipson@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-4553</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6943-2426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Daikhes</surname><given-names>Nikolai A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дайхес</surname><given-names>Николай Аркадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-кор. РАН</p></bio><email>otorhino1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2073-2538</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3229-1913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulaev</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шулаев</surname><given-names>Алексей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>alexs_shu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1779-8341</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7294-5879</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pshennikov</surname><given-names>Dmitrii S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшенников</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>pshennikovd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5356-3697</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5609-8960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Daykhes</surname><given-names>Arkady N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дайхес</surname><given-names>Аркадий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>arkady.daykhes@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3907-4064</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voronkova</surname><given-names>Maria N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронкова</surname><given-names>Мария Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>voronkova.mn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1798-0490</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4092-1591</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shikaleva</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шикалева</surname><given-names>Анастасия Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>shikaleva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8979-8084</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6261-3982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maximov</surname><given-names>Maxim L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Максимов</surname><given-names>Максим Леонидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>maksim_maksimov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский Центр оториноларингологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ryazan State Medical University named after Academician I.P. Pavlov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Children and Adolescents of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научно-клинический центр детей и подростков Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>275</fpage><lpage>283</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-01"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-09"><day>09</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjsocmed.com/1728-2810/article/view/690017">https://rjsocmed.com/1728-2810/article/view/690017</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>The incidence of diseases of the ear and mastoid process (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision: H60–H95) represents a significant medical and social problem due to its substantial contribution to the structure of hearing loss, chronicity, disability, and economic burden. Regional features, including population aging, infectious factors, and occupational risks, emphasize the need for epidemiological monitoring to optimize preventive measures and resource planning in the health care system.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and incidence of diseases of the ear and mastoid process in the Ryazan region for the period 2019–2023.</p> <p><bold>METHODS: </bold>The study was based on analysis of data on prevalence, incidence, and the chronicity index of diseases of the ear and mastoid process for 2019–2023, with calculation of rates per 100,000 population. Stratification was performed by age groups (total population, adults, working-age population, individuals older than working age, children aged 0–14 and 15–17 years). The analysis considered seasonal and demographic factors, as well as access to medical care.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The prevalence per 100,000 population decreased from 3421.3 in 2019 to 3241.5 in 2023, with the greatest decline observed in 2020–2021 (−5.2% over the period). Incidence decreased by 4.9%. The chronicity index remained relatively stable (1.44–1.53). In the disease structure, middle ear diseases predominated (40%–45%; chronicity index, 1.29), followed by diseases of the external ear (30%–35%) and hearing loss (15%–20%; index, 5.39). In children, acute forms predominated (overall incidence, 4042.6), whereas in older individuals, chronic forms were more common (chronicity index, 1.89).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The predominance of chronic forms in older individuals and acute forms in children requires differentiated approaches to prevention, vaccination, and rehabilitation. Further studies on the role of exogenous factors in morbidity formation are warranted.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Заболеваемость болезнями уха и сосцевидного отростка (Международная классификация болезней 10-го пересмотра: H60–H95) представляет значимую медико-социальную проблему, обусловленную высоким вкладом в структуру тугоухости, хронизацией процессов, инвалидизацией и экономическими потерями. Региональные особенности, включая демографическое старение населения, инфекционные факторы и профессиональные риски, подчёркивают необходимость эпидемиологического мониторинга для оптимизации профилактических мероприятий и ресурсного планирования в системе здравоохранения.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Проанализировать показатели распространённости и первичной заболеваемости болезнями уха и сосцевидного отростка в Рязанской области за период 2019–2023 гг.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Исследование основано на анализе данных о распространённости, первичной заболеваемости и коэффициенте хронизации болезней уха и сосцевидного отростка за 2019–2023 гг. с расчётом показателей на 100 тыс. населения. Стратификация проведена по возрастным группам (всё население, взрослые, трудоспособное население, лица старше трудоспособного возраста, дети 0–14 и 15–17 лет). В ходе анализа учитывали сезонные и демографические факторы, уровень доступности медицинской помощи.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Показатель распространённости на 100 тыс. населения снизился с 3421,3 в 2019 году до 3241,5 в 2023 году, с наибольшим снижением в 2020–2021 гг. (−5,2% за период). Первичная заболеваемости сократилась на 4,9%. Коэффициент хронизации оставался относительно стабильным (1,44–1,53). В структуре заболеваний преобладали болезни среднего уха (40–45%, коэффициент хронизации — 1,29), наружного уха (30–35%) и потеря слуха (15–20%, коэффициент — 5,39). У детей преобладали острые формы заболеваний (общий показатель заболеваемости — 4042,6), у лиц пожилого возраста — хронические формы (коэффициент хронизации — 1,89).</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Преобладание хронических форм у лиц пожилого возраста и острых форм у детей требует дифференцированных подходов к профилактике, вакцинации и реабилитации. Рекомендуется дальнейшее изучение роли экзогенных факторов в формировании заболеваемости.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>morbidity</kwd><kwd>ear diseases</kwd><kwd>mastoid</kwd><kwd>Ryazan region</kwd><kwd>hearing loss</kwd><kwd>otorhinolaryngology</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>chronic disease</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>болезни уха</kwd><kwd>сосцевидный отросток</kwd><kwd>Рязанская область</kwd><kwd>тугоухость</kwd><kwd>оториноларингология</kwd><kwd>эпидемиологический анализ</kwd><kwd>хронизация</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Daikhes NA, Karneeva OV, Kim IA, et al. The state of otorhinolaryngological service of the Russian Federation. 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