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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Sociology of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sociology of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Социология медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2810</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2942</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">641816</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/socm641816</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IPZQWS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEALTH ECONOMICS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОНОМИКА ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">International indicators of inclusive development: importance of healthcare factors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Международные индикаторы инклюзивного развития: роль показателей здравоохранения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0033-0592</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1748-6384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naryshkina</surname><given-names>Alisa A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нарышкина</surname><given-names>Алиса Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Politics)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. полит. наук</p></bio><email>naryshkina_a_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>222</fpage><lpage>231</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-29"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjsocmed.com/1728-2810/article/view/641816">https://rjsocmed.com/1728-2810/article/view/641816</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The global economy developing in the contemporary context may be characterized by ever-increasing national and international inequality. In an inherently unequal development setting, consistent economic growth is impossible; whereas inclusive development provides for a transition to less imbalances and financial benefits distributed to all population groups based on a more equitable principle of non-discrimination. This paper discusses approaches to assessing inclusive sustainable development currently used by some international organizations and the importance of healthcare factors in such methods. It focuses on reviews the approaches developed as part of the projects implemented by the United Nations, the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the Asian Development Bank, the World Economic Forum, and the Eurasian Economic Union.</p> <p>This work aimed to investigate the methods used by international organizations to assess the national inclusive development, and determine the importance of healthcare factors in the studied methods.</p> <p>The methods used by international organizations to assess the national inclusive development were studied by analyzing the available publications, including scientific works (<italic>n</italic> = 11), regulations (<italic>n</italic> = 1), and policy documents (<italic>n</italic> = 14). The study was conducted in 2024 at the Institute of Social Sciences of Sechenov University.</p> <p>Most international organizations describe possible approaches to economic inclusion assessment in their documents. Although the concept of inclusive development seems quite simple, international organizations and associations do not use a single definition of or generally accepted measurement methods. The analysis shows that, despite the differences in the interpretation of the inclusive development concept and the use of various methods to assess inclusion, access to healthcare services, with rare exceptions (e.g., the method used by the International Monetary Fund), is one of the most significant factor in the analyzed methods due to its direct influence on the general wellbeing of the nation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Развивающуюся в современных условиях мировую экономику можно охарактеризовать всё возрастающим неравенством как внутри государств, так и между ними. В таких изначально неравномерных условиях развития стабильный экономический рост невозможен, инклюзивное же развитие предполагает переход к сокращению дисбалансов и распределению экономических благ среди всех групп населения на основе более справедливого, недискриминационного принципа. В данной статье рассматриваются подходы к оценке «инклюзивного» устойчивого развития, применяемые на сегодняшний день рядом международных организаций, а также роль показателей здравоохранения в соответствующих методологиях. В частности, рассмотрены подходы, разработанные в рамках деятельности Организации Объединённых Наций, Всемирного банка, Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития, Азиатского банка развития, Всемирного экономического форума и Евразийского экономического союза.</p> <p>Целью исследования было изучение методологических подходов международных организаций к оценке «инклюзивного» развития стран, а также определение роли показателей здравоохранения в исследуемых методологиях.</p> <p>Изучение методологических подходов международных организаций к оценке «инклюзивного» развития стран было основано на анализе доступных источников: научной литературы (<italic>n</italic>=11), нормативно-правовых актов (<italic>n</italic>=1), программной документации (<italic>n</italic>=14). Научная работа была реализована в 2024 году на базе Института социальных наук Сеченовского Университета.</p> <p>Большая часть международных организаций в своих документах описывает возможные подходы к системе оценки показателей инклюзивности экономики. Несмотря на то что понятие «инклюзивное развитие» кажется достаточно простым, единого определения, как и общепринятых методов измерения, среди международных организаций и объединений не существует. Анализ показывает, что, несмотря на различия в трактовке понятия «инклюзивное развитие» и применение различных методов оценки инклюзивности, такой фактор, как доступность услуг сферы здравоохранения, за редким исключением (например, в методологии Международного валютного фонда), является одним из наиболее значимых в рассматриваемых методологиях ввиду его непосредственного влияния на общее благосостояние нации.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inclusive development</kwd><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>inclusive economy</kwd><kwd>international organizations</kwd><kwd>criteria for assessing economic growth</kwd><kwd>healthcare system</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инклюзивное развитие</kwd><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>инклюзивная экономика</kwd><kwd>международные организации</kwd><kwd>критерии оценки экономического роста</kwd><kwd>система здравоохранения</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Prisyazhnaya NV, Koriagin MO. 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