<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Sociology of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sociology of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Социология медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2810</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2942</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">635441</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/socm635441</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SOCIOLOGY OF MEDICAL PROFESSION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СОЦИОЛОГИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПРОФЕССИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the impact of pre-professional education on the health of medical students</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ влияния предпрофессионального образования на здоровье студентов медицинского вуза</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-2802</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3408-0190</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Biryukova</surname><given-names>Natalya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирюкова</surname><given-names>Наталья Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Pedagogy)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. пед. наук</p></bio><email>n.v.birukova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7406-9826</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3332-6407</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalfin</surname><given-names>Ruslan A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хальфин</surname><given-names>Руслан Альбертович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>khalfin_r_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2328-2939</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3430-5145</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Madyanova</surname><given-names>Victoria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мадьянова</surname><given-names>Виктория Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>madyanova_v_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-09-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>23</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-28"><day>28</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-03"><day>03</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-10-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjsocmed.com/1728-2810/article/view/635441">https://rjsocmed.com/1728-2810/article/view/635441</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Education in a higher educational institution is critical for students due to the vulnerability of the young body and the exposure of young men and women to the impact of adverse factors that contribute to health disorders. The solution to the problem of the observed deterioration of the health of students of medical higher educational institutions is currently very acute, since this problem is directly related to the health of future health workers and determines the future of the country.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>To assess the health status of students of the Institute of Clinical Medicine named after N.V. Sklifosovsky of Sechenov University on the example of graduates of the Resource Center «Medical Sechenov Pre-University» of the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) in a comparative aspect with graduates of other educational institutions.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A single-stage selective comparative study of the morbidity rate of students of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine of Sechenov University was carried out. The data of the registration form «No 025/у» 1–6-year students for the period from 2018 to 2024 (n=2229, including 414 graduates of the Pre-University) were used. Data analysis was performed using Pearson's χ<sup>2</sup> test with Yates correction. The significance level was set as p &lt;0.05. Numerical data are presented with absolute and relative values.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> It was shown that the number of students assigned to the first and second health groups among Pre-University graduates was higher overall, and the number of those assigned to the third health group was lower compared to their peers who were not Pre-University graduates (p &lt;0.01). An increase in the overall morbidity of students by the sixth year was noted, but to a lesser extent among Pre-University graduates (p &lt;0.001). All students have more frequent eye and apparatus diseases. The second and third places were occupied by diseases of the nervous system and diseases of the respiratory organs. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue were less common.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The lower morbidity rate among the graduates of the Pre-University is presumably due to the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and rejection of harmful habits during the pre-professional education phase. The data obtained show the need to strengthen work on the identification and prevention of factors of educational environment, reducing the effectiveness of medical and educational measures for the formation of health status of students at the stage of pre-specific education.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Обучение в высшем учебном заведении является критическим для студентов в силу уязвимости молодого организма и подверженности юношей и девушек воздействию неблагоприятных факторов, способствующих нарушению здоровья. Решение проблемы отмечающегося ухудшения здоровья студентов медицинских высших учебных заведений в настоящее время стоит весьма остро, так как эта проблема напрямую связана со здоровьем будущих работников сферы здравоохранения и определяет будущее страны.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценить состояние здоровья студентов Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского на примере выпускников Ресурсного центра «Медицинский Сеченовский Предуниверсарий» Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета им. И.М. Сеченова в сравнительном аспекте с выпускниками других учебных заведений.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено одномоментное выборочное сравнительное исследование уровня заболеваемости студентов Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского. Использованы данные учётной формы № 025/у студентов 1–6 курсов за период с 2018 по 2024 год (<italic>n</italic>=2229, в том числе 414 выпускников Предуниверсария). Данные анализировались с использованием критерия χ<sup>2</sup> Пирсона с поправкой Йейтса. Уровень значимости был установлен как <italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05. Цифровые данные представлены с указанием абсолютных и относительных значений.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Показано, что число студентов, отнесённых к первой и второй группам здоровья среди выпускников Предуниверсария в целом — было выше, а число отнесённых к третьей группе здоровья ниже по сравнению со сверстниками, не являющимися выпускниками Предуниверсария (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,01).</p> <p>Отмечен рост общей заболеваемости студентов к шестому курсу, однако в меньшей степени у выпускников Предуниверсария (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001). У всех студентов чаще выявлялись болезни глаза и его придаточного аппарата. Второе и третье места заняли болезни нервной системы и болезни органов дыхания. Реже всего выявлялись болезни костно-мышечной системы и соединительной ткани.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Более низкий уровень заболеваемости у выпускников Предуниверсария предположительно является результатом пропаганды здорового образа жизни и отказа от вредных привычек на этапе предпрофессионального образования. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о необходимости усиления работы по выявлению и профилактике факторов образовательной среды, снижающих эффективность медицинских и образовательных мероприятий по формированию состояния здоровья студентов на этапе предпрофильного образования.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>premedical education</kwd><kwd>students</kwd><kwd>morbidity</kwd><kwd>health groups</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>предпрофессиональное медицинское образование</kwd><kwd>студенты</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>группы здоровья</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lisovsky OV. Features of the health status of students in the system of higher medical education. Public health and healthcare. 2024;1(80):34–38. (In Russ.) EDN: VHLBNR doi: 10.56685/18120555_2024_80_1_34</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лисовский О.В. Особенности состояния здоровья обучающихся в системе высшего медицинского образования // Общественное здоровье и здравоохранение. 2024. № 1(80). С. 34–38. EDN: VHLBNR doi: 10.56685/18120555_2024_80_1_34</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanakina TA, Nagornyak YG, Ruzlyayeva EA, et al. Assessment of the health status of senior students of the pharmaceutical faculty. Preventive medicine. 2024;27(1):57–62. (In Russ.) EDN: WODSLS doi: 10.17116/profmed20242701157</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Канакина Т.А., Нагорняк Ю.Г., Рузляева Е.А., и др. Оценка состояния здоровья студентов старших курсов фармацевтического факультета // Профилактическая медицина. 2024. Т. 27, № 1. С. 57–62. EDN: WODSLS doi: 10.17116/profmed20242701157</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neinstein LS, Irwin CE. Young adults remain worse off than adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2013;53(5):559–561. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.08.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neinstein L.S., Irwin C.E. Young adults remain worse off than adolescents // J Adolesc Health. 2013. Vol. 53, N 5. P. 559–561. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.08.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nazarova IB, Karpova VM, Lyalikova SV. Population health potential: state and interrelation with characteristics of Russian regions. Economic and social changes: facts, trends, forecast. 2024;17(3):174–189. (In Russ.) EDN: KYXYVY doi: 10.15838/esc.2024.3.93.10</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Назарова И.Б., Карпова В.М., Ляликова С.В. Потенциал здоровья населения: состояние и взаимосвязь с характеристиками российских регионов // Экономические и социальные перемены: факты, тенденции, прогноз. 2024. Т. 17, № 3. С. 174–189. EDN: KYXYVY doi: 10.15838/esc.2024.3.93.10</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakirova AI, Litovchenko OG, Tostanovsky AV. Students' attitude towards a healthy lifestyle. Preventive medicine. 2023;26(3):75–80. (In Russ.) EDN: OHJLCE doi: 10.17116/profmed20232603175</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Закирова А.И., Литовченко О.Г., Тостановский А.В. Отношение студентов к здоровому образу жизни // Профилактическая медицина. 2023. Т. 26, № 3. С. 75–80. EDN: OHJLCE doi: 10.17116/profmed20232603175</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chuykov OE, Kamenyeva TN, Tkachenko PV, et al. Healthy lifestyle in the system of value orientations of college students. Problems of social hygiene, healthcare, and medical history. 2022;30(4):621–624. (In Russ.) EDN: WVASXU doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-4-621-624</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чуйков О.Е., Каменева Т.Н., Ткаченко П.В. и др. Здоровый образ жизни в системе ценностных ориентаций студенческой молодёжи // Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины. 2022. Т. 30, № 4. С. 621–624. EDN: WVASXU doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2022-30-4-621-624</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park MJ, Paul Mulye T, Adams SH, et al. The health status of young adults in the United States. J Adolesc Health. 2006;39(3):305–317. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park M.J., Paul Mulye T., Adams S.H., et al. The health status of young adults in the United States // J Adolesc Health. 2006. Vol. 39, N 3. P. 305–317. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rimfeld K, Malanchini M, Packer AE, et al. The winding roads to adulthood: A twin study. JCPP Adv. 2021;1(4):e12053. doi: 10.1002/jcv2.12053</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rimfeld K., Malanchini M., Packer A.E., et al. The winding roads to adulthood: A twin study // JCPP Adv. 2021. Vol. 1, N 4. P. e12053. doi: 10.1002/jcv2.12053</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbieri V, Piccoliori G, Engl A, Wiedermann CJ. Impact of Digital Media, School Problems, and Lifestyle Factors on Youth Psychosomatic Health: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Children (Basel). 2024;11(7):795. doi: 10.3390/children11070795</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbieri V., Piccoliori G., Engl A., Wiedermann C.J. Impact of Digital Media, School Problems, and Lifestyle Factors on Youth Psychosomatic Health: A Cross-Sectional Survey // Children (Basel). 2024. Vol. 11, N 7. P. 795. doi: 10.3390/children11070795</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ravens-Sieberer U, Devine J, Napp AK, et al. Three Years into the Pandemic: Results of the Longitudinal German COPSY Study on Youth Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1129073. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129073</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ravens-Sieberer U., Devine J., Napp A.-K., et al. Three Years into the Pandemic: Results of the Longitudinal German COPSY Study on Youth Mental Health and Health-Related Quality of Life // Front Public Health. 2023. Vol.11. P. 1129073. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1129073</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedeva NV, Maksakova EV. The problem of academic stress among medical students. Problems of modern pedagogical education. 2023;(80-4):306–309. (In Russ.) EDN: RYHHWC</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебедева Н.В., Максакова Е.В. Проблема учебного стресса у студентов-медиков // Проблемы современного педагогического образования. 2023. № 80-4. С. 306–309. EDN: RYHHWC</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lange M, Löwe A, Stassen G, et al. Health literacy, health status and health behaviors of German students — study protocol for the “Healthy Habits” cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1523. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11542-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lange M., Löwe A., Stassen G. et al. Health literacy, health status and health behaviors of German students– study protocol for the “Healthy Habits” cohort study // BMC Public Health. 2021. Vol. 21, N 1. P. 1523. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11542-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mirzaliyev TG, Mirzaliyeva DS. Factors in The Formation of a Healthy Lifestyle Among University Students. Journal of Advanced Zoology. 2023;44(5):70–73. doi: 10.17762/jaz.v44i5.2563</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mirzaliyev T.G., Mirzaliyeva D.S. Factors in The Formation of a Healthy Lifestyle Among University Students // Journal of Advanced Zoology. 2023. Vol. 44, N 5. P. 70–73. doi: 10.17762/jaz.v44i5.2563</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sørensen K, van den Broucke S, Pelikan JM, et al. Measuring health literacy in populations: illuminating the design and development process of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q). BMC Public Health. 2013;13:948. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-948</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sørensen K., van den Broucke S., Pelikan J.M., et al. Measuring health literacy in populations: illuminating the design and development process of the European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q) // BMC Public Health. 2013. Vol. 13. P. 948. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-948</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osipova NG, Lyadova AV, Semina T. The ideology of health preservation among contemporary Russian youth: state and problems. Bulletin of the Bakulev National Medical Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Cardiovascular diseases. 2023;24(4):347–360. (In Russ.) EDN: NGSAPM doi: 10.24022/1810-0694-2023-24-4-347-360</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Осипова Н.Г., Лядова А.В., Семина Т.В. Идеология здоровьесбережения современной российской молодёжи: состояние и проблемы // Бюллетень НЦССХ им. А.Н. Бакулева РАМН. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания. 2023. Т. 24, № 4. С. 347–360. EDN: NGSAPM doi: 10.24022/1810-0694-2023-24-4-347-360.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aaby A, Friis K, Christensen B, et al. Health literacy is associated with health behaviour and self-reported health: a large population-based study in individuals with cardiovascular disease. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017;24(17):1880–1888. doi: 10.1177/2047487317729538</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aaby A., Friis K., Christensen B., et al. Health literacy is associated with health behaviour and self-reported health: a large population-based study in individuals with cardiovascular disease // Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017. Vol. 24, N 17. P. 1880–1888. doi: 10.1177/2047487317729538</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yanchik EM, Shchelgacheva KB, Ushakov AS, et al. Technology of conducting physical education classes with students of a special medical group. Human Sport Medicine. 2023;23(4):135–144. (In Russ.) EDN: PVWBXQ doi: 10.14529/hsm230417.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Янчик Е.М., Щелгачева К.Б., Ушаков А.С. и др. Технология проведения занятий по физической культуре со студентами специальной медицинской группы // Человек. Спорт. Медицина. 2023. Т. 23, № 4. С. 135–144. EDN: PVWBXQ doi: 10.14529/hsm230417</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chukreev MP, Kalinkin DE. Analysis of the image and quality of life of medical students. Preventive medicine. 2022;25(9):77–84. (In Russ.) EDN: DIJIJB doi: 10.17116/profmed20222509177</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чукреев М.П., Калинкин Д.Е. Анализ образа и качества жизни студентов-медиков // Профилактическая медицина. 2022. Т. 25, № 9. С. 77–84. EDN: DIJIJB doi: 10.17116/profmed20222509177</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pogorelova IG. Features of the formation of the state of health of medical students. Siberian Medical Journal (Irkutsk). 2011;107(8):95–97. (In Russ.) EDN: RWRSLT</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Погорелова И.Г. Особенности формирования состояния здоровья студентов-медиков // Сибирский медицинский журнал (Иркутск). 2011. Т. 107, № 8. С. 95–97. EDN: RWRSLT</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaskaeva DS, Tutynina OV, Romanova IV, et al. Dynamics of morbidity among students of Krasnoyarsk State Medical University from 1st to 6th year of study. Ural Medical Journal. 2019;12(180):165–168. (In Russ.) EDN: RNKRUN doi: 10.25694/URMJ.2019.12.33</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каскаева Д.С., Тутынина О.В., Романова И.В., и др. Динамика заболеваемости студентов Красноярского государственного медицинского университета от 1 к 6 курсу обучения // Уральский медицинский журнал. 2019. № 12(180). С. 165–168. EDN: RNKRUN doi: 10.25694/URMJ.2019.12.33</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vozikis A, Pollalis Y, Armoutaki A, Kyriazis I. The association between smoking and health risk behaviours among university students in Greece. Int J Caring Sci. 2020. Vol. 13. P. 783–790.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vozikis A., Pollalis Y., Armoutaki A., Kyriazis I. The association between smoking and health risk behaviours among university students in Greece // Int J Caring Sci. 2020. Vol. 13. P. 783–790.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchkevich VS, Zelionko AV, Shakirov AM. Formation of medical awareness and health-preserving competencies as the basis for optimizing life activity and quality of life of the population. Proceedings of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2014;16(5-2):896–901. (In Russ.) EDN: TNYYJP</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучкевич В.С., Зелионко А.В., Шакиров А.М. Формирование медицинской информированности и здоровьесберегающих компетенций как основа оптимизации жизнедеятельности и качества жизни населения // Известия Самарского научного центра Российской академии наук. 2014. Т. 16, № 5-2. С. 896–901. EDN: TNYYJP</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
