Sociology of MedicineSociology of MedicineСоциология медицины1728-28102413-2942Eco-Vector62598410.17816/socm625984THE DIGITAL WORLDЦИФРОВОЙ МИРResearch ArticleFeatures of remote monitoring in various clinical sectorsОсобенности применения дистанционного мониторинга в различных клинических отрасляхhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-97254657-5501DemkinaAlexandra E.ДемкинаАлександра Евгеньевна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

канд. мед. наук

ademkina@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4357-17579728-9583KorobeynikovaAnna N.КоробейниковаАнна Николаевна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

канд. мед. наук, проф.

anna_best2004@mail.ruInnovative Academy of Professional Development "DOCSTARCLUB"Инновационная академия профессионального развития «ДОКСТАРКЛАБ»Research and Practical Clinical Center for Diagnostics and Telemedicine TechnologiesНаучно-практический клинический центр диагностики и телемедицинских технологийCenter of Cardiology and NeurologyЦентр кардиологии и неврологии13062024151220232222212342501202407032024Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор2023Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07https://rjsocmed.com/1728-2810/article/view/625984

Modern social trends (an increase in life expectancy and the burden of chronic non-infectious diseases, a request for a personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment) and global political changes lead to systemic changes in the healthcare industry: providing high-quality medical care in new conditions requires the introduction of relevant technological tools. Therefore, great hopes are pinned on the digitalization of healthcare both in solving classic industry problems and in leveling the risks caused by new external conditions.

Remote monitoring is one of the priority areas of digitalization of domestic healthcare. The use of this technology has several advantages: increasing the availability and quality of medical care, optimizing financial costs, and mitigating personnel shortages. Remote monitoring is successfully developing worldwide in various fields: cardiology, endocrinology, pulmonology, obstetrics and gynaecology, palliative medicine, and patient rehabilitation. The emergence of new research allows doctors and healthcare organizers to assess the advantages and disadvantages of using telemedicine technologies as accurately as possible in the process of clinical observation of patients with various nosologies. The rapid development of innovations has shown the multidimensional application of these techniques in practical medicine, which necessitates the generalization and systematization of information on the use of remote monitoring.

Современные социальные тенденции (увеличение продолжительности жизни и бремени хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, запрос на персонализированный подход в диагностике и лечении) и глобальные политические перемены приводят к системным изменениям в отрасли здравоохранения — оказание качественной медицинской помощи в новых условиях требует внедрения актуальных технологических средств. Поэтому на цифровизацию здравоохранения возлагают большие надежды как на пути решения классических отраслевых проблем, так и на нивелирование рисков, обусловленных новыми внешними условиями.

Дистанционное мониторирование — это одно из приоритетных направлений цифровизации отечественного здравоохранения. Применение данной технологии имеет ряд преимуществ: повышение доступности и качества медицинской помощи, оптимизация финансовых затрат, смягчение кадрового дефицита. Дистанционное мониторирование успешно развивается во всем мире в различных направлениях: кардиология, эндокринология, пульмонология, акушерство и гинекология, паллиативная медицина, реабилитация пациентов. Появление новых исследований позволяет врачам и организаторам здравоохранения максимально точно оценить преимущества и недостатки использования телемедицинских технологий в процессе клинического наблюдения за пациентами с различными нозологиями. Стремительное развитие инноваций показало многоаспектность применения данных методик в практической медицине, что обуславливает необходимость обобщения и систематизации информации о применении дистанционного мониторирования.

remote monitoringdigitalizationdigital medicineclinical medicineдистанционный мониторингцифровизацияцифровая медицинаклиническая медицинаShaderkin IA. Remote monitoring of human health and the environment: opportunities and limitations. Russian Journal of Telemedicine and E-Health. 2022;8(3):45-54. EDN: QKWIVW doi: 10.29188/2712-9217-2022-8-3-45-54Шадеркин И.А. Дистанционный мониторинг состояния здоровья и окружающей среды человека: возможности и ограничения // Российский журнал телемедицины и электронного здравоохранения. 2022. Т. 8, № 3. С. 45-54. EDN: QKWIVW doi: 10.29188/2712-9217-2022-8-3-45-54Morozov SP, Demkina AE, Vladzimirsky AV, et al. compilers. Remote follow-up of patients with cardiovascular diseases: methodological recommendations. Series “Best practices in radiation and instrumental diagnostics”. Vol. 73. Moscow: GBUZ “NPKTs DiT DZM”, 2021. (In Russ.) EDN: FRUZZQДистанционное диспансерное наблюдение пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями: методические рекомендации / сост. Морозов С.П., Демкина А.Е., Владзимирский А.В., и др. // Серия «Лучшие практики лучевой и инструментальной диагностики». Вып. 73. М.: ГБУЗ «НПКЦ ДиТ ДЗМ», 2021. EDN: FRUZZQLyapina IN, Zvereva TN, Pomeshkina SA. Modern methods of remote monitoring and rehabilitation of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. 2022;11(1):112-123. EDN: OPFKOF doi: 10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-1-112-123Ляпина И.Н., Зверева Т.Н., Помешкина С.А. Современные способы дистанционного наблюдения и реабилитации пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями // Комплексные проблемы сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. 2022. Т. 11, № 1. С. 112-123. EDN: OPFKOF doi: 10.17802/2306-1278-2022-11-1-112-123Danaei G, Lu Y, Singh GM, et al. Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: a comparative risk assessment. Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration. Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2014;2(8):634-647. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70102-0Danaei G., Lu Y., Singh G.M., et al. Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: a comparative risk assessment. Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration // Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2014 Vol. 2, N 8. P. 634-47. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70102-0Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, et al. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1903-1913. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11911-8Lewington S., Clarke R., Qizilbash N., et al. Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies // Lancet. 2002. Vol. 360, N 9349. P. 1903-1913. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11911-8Oganov RG, Kalinina AM, Syrtsova LE, et al. Organization and coordination of work on disease prevention and health promotion in the primary health care system (organizational and functional model). Disease prevention and health promotion. 2002;5(3):3-8. (In Russ.) EDN: SCUIINОганов Р.Г., Калинина А.М., Сырцова Л.Е., и др. Организация и координация работы по профилактике заболеваний и укреплению здоровья в системе первичной медико-санитарной помощи (организационно-функциональная модель) // Профилактика заболеваний и укрепление здоровья. 2002. Т. 5, № 3. С. 3-8. EDN: SCUIINBoitsov SA, Vylegzhanin SV. Prevention of non-communicable diseases in the practice of a local therapist: content of the problem, solutions and prospects. Therapeutic archive. 2015;87(1):4-9. EDN: UABVDT doi: 10.17116/terarkh 20158714-9Бойцов С.А., Вылегжанин С.В. Профилактика неинфекционных заболеваний в практике участкового терапевта: содержание проблемы, пути решения и перспективы // Терапевтический архив. 2015. Т. 87, № 1. С. 4-9. EDN: UABVDT doi: 10.17116/terarkh 20158714-9Oleynikov VE, Chizhova OV, Dzhazovskaya IN, et al. Economic justification of the application of the automatic remote blood pressure monitoring. Health care of the Russian Federation. 2019;63(1):14-21. EDN: ZAZLDV doi: 10.18821/0044-197Х-2019-63-1-14-21Олейников В.Э., Чижова О.В., Джазовская И.Н. и др. Экономическое обоснование применения автоматической системы дистанционного мониторинга артериального давления // Здравоохранение Российской Федерации. 2019. Т. 63, № 1. С. 14-21. EDN: ZAZLDV doi: 10.18821/0044-197Х-2019-63-1-14-21Morozov SP, Vladzimirsky AV, Schutov DV, Demkina AE, et al. compilers. Devices for individual use in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with cardiovascular diseases: guidelines. Series “Best practices in radiation and instrumental diagnostics”. Vol. 85. Moscow: GBUZ “NPKTs DiT DZM”, 2021. (In Russ.) EDN: OTMXIWУстройства индивидуального применения в диагностике и наблюдении за пациентами с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями: методические рекомендации / сост. Морозов С.П., Владзимирский А.В., Шутов Д.В., Демкина А.Е. // Серия «Лучшие практики лучевой и инструментальной диагностики». Вып. 85. М.: ГБУЗ «НПКЦ ДиТ ДЗМ», 2021. EDN: OTMXIWLi Y, Jiang Y, Tang Y. Is remote blood pressure monitoring and management a better approach for patients with hypertension? A narrative review. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2023;25(2):121-126. doi: 10.1111/jch.14624Li Y., Jiang Y., Tang Y. Is remote blood pressure monitoring and management a better approach for patients with hypertension? A narrative review // J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2023. Vol. 25, N 2. P. 121-126. doi: 10.1111/jch.14624Kario K. Management of hypertension in the digital era: small wearable monitoring devices for remote blood pressure monitoring. Hypertension. 2020;76(3):640-650. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14742Kario K. Management of hypertension in the digital era: small wearable monitoring devices for remote blood pressure monitoring // Hypertension. 2020. Vol. 76, N 3. P. 640-650. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14742Omboni S. Connected health in hypertension management. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2019;(6):76. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00076Omboni S. Connected health in hypertension management // Front Cardiovasc Med. 2019. N 6. P. 76. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00076Kozlovskaya IL, Lopukhova VV, Bulkina OS, Kozlova EV, Karpov YuA. Telemedicine in cardiology. Part 2. Personalised telemonitoring of blood pressure and % pulmonary circulatory dynamics in outpatient settings. Doctor.Ru. 2021;20(11):6-11. EDN: NEFVEZ doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-11-6-11Козловская И.Л., Лопухова В.В., Булкина О.С., Козлова Е.В., Карпов Ю.А. Телемедицинские технологии в кардиологии. Часть 2. Персональный телемониторинг артериального давления и легочной гемодинамики в амбулаторной практике // Доктор.Ру. 2021. Т. 20, № 11. С. 6-11. EDN: NEFVEZ doi: 10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-11-6-11Morozov SP, Vladzimirsky AV, Schutov DV, Demkina AE, et al., compilers. Devices for individual use in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Series “Best practices in radiation and instrumental diagnostics”. Vol. 85. Moscow: GBUZ “NPKTs DiT DZM”, 2021. (In Russ.) EDN: OTMXIWУстройства индивидуального применения в диагностике и наблюдении за пациентами с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями / сост. Морозов С.П., Владзимирский А.В., Шутов Д.В., Демкина А.Е. // Серия «Лучшие практики лучевой и инструментальной диагностики». Вып. 85. М.: ГБУЗ «НПКЦ ДиТ ДЗМ», 2021. EDN: OTMXIWMuntner P, Shimbo D, Carey RM, et al. Measurement of blood pressure in humans: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2019;73(5):35-66. doi: 10.1161/ HYP.0000000000000087Muntner P., Shimbo D., Carey R.M., et al. Measurement of blood pressure in humans: a scientific statement from the american heart association // Hypertension. 2019. Vol. 73, N 5. P. 35-66. doi: 10.1161/ HYP.0000000000000087Lu JF, Chen CM, Hsu CY. Effect of home telehealth care on blood pressure control: a public healthcare centre model. J Telemed Telecare. 2019;25(1):35-45. doi: 10.1177/1357633X17734258Lu J.F., Chen C.M., Hsu C.Y. Effect of home telehealth care on blood pressure control: a public healthcare center model // J Telemed Telecare. 2019. Vol. 25, N 1. P. 35- 45. doi: 10.1177/1357633X17734258Kitagawa K, Yamamoto Y, Arima H, et al. Effect of standard vs intensive blood pressure control on the risk of recurrent stroke. JAMA Neurol. 2019;76(11):1309-1318; doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2167Kitagawa K., Yamamoto Y., Arima H., et al. Effect of standard vs intensive blood pressure control on the risk of recurrent stroke // JAMA Neurol. 2019. Vol. 76, N 11. P. 1309-1318. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.2167Kontsevaya AV, Komkov DS, Boytsov SA. The modeling as a technique of evaluation of expediency of remote monitoring of arterial tension at the regional level. Health Care of the Russian Federation. 2017;61(1):10-16. EDN: YFOKVP doi: 10.18821/0044-197X-2017-61-1-10-16Концевая А.В., Комков Д.С., Бойцов С.А. Моделирование как метод оценки экономической целесообразности дистанционного мониторинга артериального давления на региональном уровне // Здравоохранение в Российской Федерации. 2017. Т. 61, № 1. С. 10-16. EDN: YFOKVP doi: 10.18821/0044-197X-2017-61-1-10-16Oleynikov VE, Chizhova OV, Dzhazovskaya IN, et al. Economic justification of the application of the automatic remote blood pressure monitoring. Health Care of the Russian Federation. 2019;63(1):14-21. EDN: ZAZLDV doi: 10.18821/0044-197Х-2019-63-1-14-21Олейников В.Э., Чижова О.В., Джазовская И.Н., и др. Экономическое обоснование применения автоматической системы дистанционного мониторинга артериального давления // Здравоохранение Российской Федерации. 2019. Т. 63, № 1. P. 14-21. EDN: ZAZLDV doi: 10.18821/0044-197Х-2019-63-1-14-21Singer DE, Ziegler PD, Koehler JL, et al. Temporal Association Between Episodes of Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of Ischemic Stroke. JAMA Cardiol. 2021;6(12):1364-1369. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.3702Singer D.E., Ziegler P.D., Koehler J.L., et al. Temporal Association Between Episodes of Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of Ischemic Stroke // JAMA Cardiol. 2021. Vol. 6, N 12. P. 1364-1369. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.3702Gladstone DJ, Wachter R, Schmalstieg-Bahr K, et al. SCREEN-af investigators and coordinators. screening for atrial fibrillation in the older population: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2021;6(5):558-567. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.0038Gladstone D.J., Wachter R., Schmalstieg-Bahr K., et al. SCREEN-af investigators and coordinators. screening for atrial fibrillation in the older population: a randomized clinical trial // JAMA Cardiol. 2021. Vol. 6, N 5. P. 558-567. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.0038Strickberger SA, Canby R, Cooper J, et al. Association of antitachycardia pacing or shocks with survival in 69,000 patients with an implantable defibrillator. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2007;28(4):416-422. doi: 10.1111/jce.13170Strickberger S.A., Canby R., Cooper J., et al. Association of antitachycardia pacing or shocks with survival in 69,000 patients with an implantable defibrillator // J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2007. Vol. 28, N 4. P. 416-422. doi: 10.1111/jce.13170Timmermans I, Meine M, Szendey M, et al. Remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter defibrillators: Patient experiences and preferences for follow-up. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2019;42(2):120-129. doi: 10.1111/pace.13574Timmermans I., Meine M., Szendey I., et al. Remote monitoring of implantable cardioverter defibrillators: Patient experiences and preferences for follow-up // Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2019. Vol. 42, N 2. P. 120-129. doi: 10.1111/pace.13574Revishvili ASh, Lomidze NN, Abdrakhmanov AS, et al. Remote monitoring for early diagnostics of patient’s state changes with Home Monitoring technology. Jounal of arrhythmology. 2019;26(2):5-13. EDN: SRYITX doi: 10.35336/VA-2019-2-5-13Ревишвили А.Ш., Ломидзе Н.Н., Абдрахманов А.С., и др. Мобильный телемониторинг для ранней диагностики изменений состояния пациентов с применением технологии home monitoring // Вестник аритмологии. 2019. Т. 26, № 2.С. 5-13. EDN: SRYITX doi: 10.35336/VA-2019-2-5-13Sanders P, Piorkowski C, Kragten JA, et al. Safety of in-hospital insertable cardiac monitor procedures performed outside the traditional settings: results from the Reveal LINQ in-office 2 international study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2019;19(1):132. doi: 10.1186/s12872-019-1106-3Sanders P., Piorkowski C., Kragten J.A., et al. Safety of in-hospital insertable cardiac monitor procedures performed outside the traditional settings: results from the Reveal LINQ in-office 2 international study // BMC Cardiovasc Disord. Vol. 19, N 1. P. 132. doi: 10.1186/s12872-019-1106-3Mamchur SE, Ivanitskiy EA, Polikutina OM, et al. Efficacy of atrial fibrillation detection in cryptogenic stroke according to data of implantable loop recorders: pilot study. The Siberian Medical Journal. 2019;34(2):47-53. EDN: NRTNJF doi: 10.29001/2073-8552-2019-34-2-47-53Мамчур С.Е., Иваницкий Э.А., Поликутина О.М., и др. Эффективность выявления мерцательной аритмии при криптогенном инсульте по данным имплантируемых мониторов электрокардиограммы: пилотное исследование // Сибирский медицинский журнал. 2019. Т. 34, № 22. С. 47-53. EDN: NRTNJF doi: 10.29001/2073-8552-2019-34-2-47-53Geller JC, Lewalter T, Bruun NE. Implant-based multiparameter telemonitoring of patients with heart failure and a defibrillator with vs. without cardiac resynchronization therapy option: a subanalysis of the IN-TIME trial. Clin Res Cardiol. 2019;108(10):1117-1127. doi: 10.1007/s00392-019-01447-5Geller J.C., Lewalter T., Bruun N.E. Implant-based multiparameter telemonitoring of patients with heart failure and a defibrillator with vs. without cardiac resynchronization therapy option: a subanalysis of the IN-TIME trial // Clin Res Cardiol. 2019. Vol. 108, N 10. P. 1117-1127. doi: 10.1007/s00392-019-01447-5Sharova DE, Garbuk SV, Vasilyev YuA. Artificial intelligence systems in clinical medicine: the world’s first series of national standards. Standards and Quality. 2023;(1):46–51. EDN: SNMGQA doi: 10.35400/0038-9692-2023-1-304-22Шарова Д.Е., Гарбук С.В., Васильев Ю.А. Системы искусственного интеллекта в клинической медицине. Первая в мире серия национальных стандартов // Стандарты и качество. 2023. № 1. С. 46-51. EDN: SNMGQA doi: 10.35400/0038-9692-2023-1-304-22Gazashvili TM, Drozdov DV, Shutov DV, Shkoda AS. Creation of a training and test dataset with the disposition and transposition of overlaying electrocardiographic electrodes when recording electrocardiograms-12. Digital Diagnostics. 2023;4(2):133−141. EDN: YYKOII doi: 10.17816/DD201870Газашвили Т.М., Дроздов Д.В., Шутов Д.В., Шкода А.С. Создание набора данных с диспозицией и транспозицией наложения электрокардиографических электродов при записи электрокардиограммы в 12 отведениях // Digital Diagnostics. 2023. Т. 4, № 2. С. 133−141. EDN: YYKOII doi: 10.17816/DD201870Mareev VYu, Fomin IV, Ageev FT, et al. Russian Heart Failure Society, Russian Society of Cardiology. Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine Guidelines for Heart failure: chronic (CHF) and acute decompensated (ADHF). Diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Cardiology. 2018;58(6S):8-158. EDN: XUAREL doi: 10.18087/cardio.2475Мареев В.Ю., Фомин И.В., Агеев Ф.Т., и др. Клинические рекомендации ОССН-РКО-РНМОТ. Сердечная недостаточность: хроническая (ХСН) и острая декомпенсированная (ОДСН). Диагностика, профилактика, лечение // Кардиология. 2018. Т. 58, № 6S. С. 8-158. EDN: XUAREL doi: 10.18087/cardio.2475Dierckx R, Inglis SC, Clark RA, et al. Telemedicine in heart failure: new insights from the Cochrane meta-analyses. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(3):304-306. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.759Dierckx R., Inglis S.C., Clark R.A., et al. Telemedicine in heart failure: new insights from the Cochrane meta-analyses // Eur J Heart Fail. 2017. Vol. 19, N 3. P. 304-306. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.759Pyrikova NV, Mozgunov NA, Osipova IV. Results of pilot remote monitoring of heart failure patients. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2022;21(6):3151. EDN: ROTHHY doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3151Пырикова Н.В., Мозгунов Н.А., Осипова И.В. Результаты пилотного дистанционного мониторинга пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью // Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2022, Т. 21, № 6. С. 3151. EDN: ROTHHY doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3151Riegel B, Carlson B, Kopp Z, et al. Effect of a standardized nurse case-management telephone intervention on resource use in patients with chronic heart failure. Arch. Intern. Med. 2002;162(6):705-712. doi: 10.1001/archinte.162.6.705Riegel B., Carlson B., Kopp Z., et al. Effect of a standardized nurse case-management telephone intervention on resource use in patients with chronic heart failure // Arch. Intern. Med. 2002. Vol. 162, N 6. P: 705-712. doi: 10.1001/archinte.162.6.705Brandon AF, Schuessler JB, Ellison KJ, et al. The effects of an advanced practice nurse led telephone intervention on outcomes of patients with heart failure. Appl Nurs Res. 2009;22(4):e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2009.02.003Brandon A.F., Schuessler J.B., Ellison K.J., et al. The effects of an advanced practice nurse led telephone intervention on outcomes of patients with heart failure // Appl Nurs Res. 2009. Vol. 22, N 4. P. e1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2009.02.003Scherr D, Kastner P, Kollmann A, et al. Effect of homebased telemonitoring using mobile phone technology on the outcome of heart failure patients after an episode of acute decompensation: Randomized controlled trial. J. Med. Internet Res. 2009;11(3):e34. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1252Scherr D., Kastner P., Kollmann A., et al. Effect of homebased telemonitoring using mobile phone technology on the outcome of heart failure patients after an episode of acute decompensation: Randomized controlled trial // J. Med. Internet Res. 2009. Vol. 11, N 3. P. e34. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1252Seto E, Leonard KJ, Cafazzo JA, et al. Mobile phone-based telemonitoring for heart failure management: A randomized controlled trial. J. Med. Internet Res. 2012;14(1):e31. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1909Seto E., Leonard K.J., Cafazzo J.A., et al. Mobile phone-based telemonitoring for heart failure management: A randomized controlled trial // J. Med. Internet Res. 2012. Vol. 14, N 1. P. e31. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1909Chen C, Li X, Sun L, et al. Post-discharged short message service improves short-term clinical outcome and self-care beha viour in chronic heart failure. ESC Heart Fail. 2019;6(1):164-173. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12380Chen C., Li X., Sun L., et al. Post-discharge short message service improves short-term clinical outcome and self-care behaviour in chronic heart failure // ESC Heart Fail. 2019. Vol. 6, N 1. P. 164-173. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12380Shestakova MV, Vikulova OK, Zheleznyakova AV, et al. Diabetes epidemiology in Russia: what has changed over the decade? Therapeutic Archive. 2019; 91(10):4-13. EDN: BHBUBI doi: 10.26442/00403660.2019.10.000364Шестакова М.В., Викулова О.К., Железнякова А.В., и др. Эпидемиология сахарного диабета в Российской Федерации: что изменилось за последнее десятилетие? // Терапевтический архив. 2019. Т. 91, № 10. С. 4-13. EDN: BHBUBI doi: 10.26442/00403660.2019.10.000364Laiteerapong N, Ham SA, Gao Y, et al.The legacy effect in type 2 diabetes: impact of early glycemic control on future complications (The Diabetes & Aging Study). Diabetes Care. 2019;42(3):416-426. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1144Laiteerapong N., Ham S.A., Gao Y., et al. The legacy effect in type 2 diabetes: impact of early glycemic control on future complications (The Diabetes & Aging Study) // Diabetes Care. 2019; Vol. 42, N 3. P. 416-426. doi: 10.2337/dc17-1144Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes— 2020. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(1): S77–S88. doi: 10.2337/dc20-S007Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes— 2020 // Diabetes Care. 2020. Vol. 43, N 1. P. S77–S88. doi: 10.2337/dc20-S007Majorov AYu, Galstyan GR, Dvojnishnikova OM, Antsiferov MB, Dedov II. Therapeutic training in Russia: results of a 15-year follow-up of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus. 2005;(3):52-58 EDN: MSUEUZМайоров А.Ю., Галстян Г.Р., Двойнишникова О.М., Анциферов М.Б., Дедов И.И. Терапевтическое обучение в России: результаты 15-летнего наблюдения больных сахарным диабетом 1 типа // Сахарный диабет. 2005. № 3. С. 52-58 EDN: MSUEUZMcManus RJ, Little P, Stuart B, et al. Home and Online Management and Evaluation of Blood Pressure (HOME BP) using a digital intervention in poorly controlled hypertension: randomized controlled trial. The BMJ. 2021;19(372):m4858. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m4858McManus R.J., Little P., Stuart B, et al. Home and Online Management and Evaluation of Blood Pressure (HOME BP) using a digital intervention in poorly controlled hypertension: randomized controlled trial // The BMJ. 2021. Vol. 19, N 372. P. m4858. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m4858Faruque LI, Wiebe N, Ehteshami-Afshar A, et al. Effect of telemedicine on glycated hemoglobin in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. CMAJ. 2017;189(9):e341-e364. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.150885Faruque L.I., Wiebe N., Ehteshami-Afshar A., et al. Effect of telemedicine on glycated hemoglobin in diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials // CMAJ. 2017. Vol. 189, N 9. P. e341-e364. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.150885Dixon RF, Zisser H, Layne JE, et al. A virtual type 2 diabetes clinic using continuous glucose monitoring and endocrinology visits. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020;14(5):908-911. doi: 10.1177/1932296819888662Dixon R.F., Zisser H., Layne J.E., et al. A virtual type 2 diabetes clinic using continuous glucose monitoring and endocrinology visits // J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020. Vol. 14, N 5. P. 908-911.doi: 10.1177/1932296819888662Lee PA, Greenfield G, Pappas Y. The impact of telehealth remote patient monitoring on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):495. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3274-8Lee P.A., Greenfield G., Pappas Y. The impact of telehealth remote patient monitoring on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials // BMC Health Serv Res. 2018. Vol. 18, N 1. P. 495. doi: 10.1186/s12913-018-3274-8Di Molfetta S, Patruno P, Cormio S, et al. A telemedicine-based approach with real-time transmission of blood glucose data improves metabolic control in insulin-treated diabetes: the DIAMONDS randomized clinical trial. J Endocrinol Invest. 2022;45(9):1663-1671. doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01802-wDi Molfetta S., Patru P., Cormio S., et al. A telemedicine-based approach with real-time transmission of blood glucose data improves metabolic control in insulin-treated diabetes: the DIAMONDS randomized clinical trial // J Endocrinol Invest. 2022. Vol. 45, N 9. P. 1663-1671. doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01802-wSuplotova LA, Alieva OO. Glycemia control using remote technologies. Medical Council. 2023;17(9):81-88. (In Russ). EDN: PYDLNX doi: 10.21518/ms2023-157Суплотова Л.А., Алиева О.О. Контроль гликемии с использованием дистанционных технологий // Медицинский Совет. 2023. Т. 17, № 9. С. 81-88. EDN: PYDLNX doi: 10.21518/ms2023-157Dedov II, Shestakova MV, Mayorov AYu, et al. editors Standards of specialized diabetes care. Diabetes Mellitus. 2021;(S1):1-148. EDN: ISOZCM doi: 10.14341/DM12802Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом / под ред. И.И. Дедова, М.В. Шестаковой, А.Ю. Майорова, и др. // Сахарный диабет. 2021. № S1. С.1-148. EDN: ISOZCM doi: 10.14341/DM12802Khasha R, Sepehri MM, Mahdaviani SA, Khatibi T. Mobile GIS-based monitoring asthma attacks based on environmental Factors. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018;(179):417-428. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.046Khasha R., Sepehri M.M., Mahdaviani S.A., Khatibi T Mobile GIS-based monitoring asthma attacks based on environmental factors // Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018. Vol. 179. P. 417-428. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.046Gruffydd-Jones K, Hollinghurst S, Ward S, et al. Targeted routine asthma care in general practice using telephone triage. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 2005;(55):918-923.Gruffydd-Jones K., Hollinghurst S., Ward S., et al. Targeted routine asthma care in general practice using telephone triage // Br. J. Gen. Pract. 2005. Vol. 55, N 521. P. 918-923.General incidence of the entire population of Russia in 2017. In: Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation [Internet]. 2018. [cited 2023 Jun 15]. Available from: https://minzdrav.gov.ru/ministry/61/22/stranitsa-979/statisticheskie-i-informationnye-materialy/statistichesky-sbornik-2017-godОбщая заболеваемость всего населения России в 2017 году. В: Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации. [Интернет] 2018. Режим доступа: https://minzdrav.gov.ru/ministry/61/22/stranitsa-979/statisticheskie-i-informationnye-materialy/statistichesky-sbornik-2017-god Дата обращения: 15.06.2023.Arkhipov VV, Grigoryeva EV, Gavrishina EV. Control of bronchial asthma in Russia: results of NIKA multi-center observational study. Pulmonology. 2011;(6):87-93. EDN: RCMQNO doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2011-0-6-87-93Архипов В.В., Григорьева Е.В., Гавришина Е.В. Контроль над бронхиальной астмой в России: результаты многоцентрового наблюдательного исследования НИКА // Пульмонология. 2011. № 6. C. 87-93. EDN: RCMQNO doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2011-0-6-87-932019 GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. In: Global Initiative for Asthma [Internet]. 2019. [cited 2023 Jun 15]. Available from: https://ginasthma.org/reports/2019-gina-report-global-strategy-for-asthma-management-and-prevention/2019 GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. В: Global Initiative for Asthma [Интернет]. 2019. Режим доступа: https://ginasthma.org/reports/2019-gina-report-global-strategy-for-asthma-management-and-prevention/ Дата обращения: 15.06.2023.Haselkorn T, Zeiger RS, Chipps BE, et al. Recent asthma exacerbations predict future exacerbations in children with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(5):921-927. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.09.006Haselkorn T., Zeiger R.S., Chipps B.E., et al. Recent asthma exacerbations predict future exacerbations in children with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma // J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009. Vol. 124, N 5. P. 921-927. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.09.006Delamater PL, Finley A, Banerjee S. An analysis of asthma hospitalizations, air pollution, and weather conditions in Los Angeles County, California. Sci Total Environ. 2012;(425):110-118. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.015Delamater P.L., Finley A., Banerjee S. An analysis of asthma hospitalizations, air pollution, and weather conditions in Los Angeles County, California // Sci Total Environ. 2012. N 425. P. 110-118. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.02.015Diette GB, Skinner EA, Nguyen TT, et al. Comparison of quality of care by specialist and generalist physicians as usual source of asthma care for children. Pediatrics. 2001;108(2):432-437. doi: 10.1542/peds.108.2.432Diette G.B., Skinner E.A., Nguyen T.T., et al. Comparison of quality of care by specialist and generalist physicians as usual source of asthma care for children // Pediatrics. 2001. Vol. 108, N 2. P. 432-437. doi: 10.1542/peds.108.2.432Hall MJ, DeFrances CJ, Williams SN, et al. National Hospital Discharge Survey: 2007 summary. Natl Health Stat Report. 2010;(29):1-24.Hall M.J., DeFrances C.J., Williams S.N., et al. National Hospital Discharge Survey: 2007 summary // Natl Health Stat Report. 2010. N 29, P. 1-24.Almazova YuYu. Peak flow test // New pharmacy. 2010;(10):34-37 (In Russ.)Алмазова Ю.Ю. Пикфлоуметрия // Новая аптека. 2010. № 10. С. 34-37.Ryan D, Price D, Musgrave SD, et al. Clinical and cost effectiveness of mobile phone supported self monitoring of asthma: multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2012;344:e1756. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e1756Ryan D., Price D., Musgrave S.D., et al. Clinical and cost effectiveness of mobile phone supported self monitoring of asthma: multicentre randomised controlled trial // BMJ. 2012. N 344. P. e1756. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e1756Chongmelaxme B, Lee S, Dhippayom T, et al. The Effects of Telemedicine on Asthma Control and Patients' Quality of Life in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(1):199-216.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.07.015Chongmelaxme B., Lee S., Dhippayom T., et al. The Effects of Telemedicine on Asthma Control and Patients' Quality of Life in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis // J Allerg Clin Immunol Pract. 2019. Vol. 7, N 1. P. 199-216. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.07.015McLean S, Chandler D, Nurmatov U, et al. Telehealthcare for asthma: a Cochrane review. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2011;183(11):E733-E742. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.101146McLean S., Chandler D., Nurmatov U., et al. Telehealthcare for asthma: a Cochrane review // Canadian Medical Association Journal. 201. Vol. 183, N 11. P. E733-E742. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.101146Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, et al. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176(6):532-55. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200703-456SORabe K.F., Hurd S., Anzueto A., et al. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary // Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Sep 15;176(6):532-55. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200703-456SOSeneff MG, Wagner DP, Wagner RP, et al. Hospital and 1-year survival of patients admitted to intensive care units with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JAMA. 1995;274(23):1852-1857Seneff M.G., Wagner D.P., Wagner R.P., et al. Hospital and 1-year survival of patients admitted to intensive care units with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease // JAMA. 1995. Vol. 274, N 23. P. 1852-1857.Koff PB, Jones RH, Cashman JM, et al. Proactive integrated care improves quality of life in patients with COPD. The European Respiratory Journal. 2009;33(5):1031-1038. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00063108Koff P.B., Jones R.H., Cashman J.M., et al. Proactive integrated care improves quality of life in patients with COPD // The European Respiratory Journal. 2009. Vol. 33, N 5. P. 1031-1038. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00063108Vitacca M, Bianchi L, Guerra A, et al. Tele-assistance in chronic respiratory failure patients: a randomised clinical trial. Eur Respir J. 2009;33(2):411-418. doi: 10.1183/09031936.0000560866Vitacca M., Bianchi L., Guerra A., et al. Tele-assistance in chronic respiratory failure patients: a randomised clinical trial // Eur Respir J. 2009. Vol. 33, N 2. P. 411-418. doi: 10.1183/09031936.0000560866Janjua S, Carter D, Threapleton CJ, et al. Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;7(7):CD013196. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013196.pub2Janjua S., Carter D., Threapleton C.J., et al. Telehealth interventions: remote monitoring and consultations for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) // Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021. Vol. 7, N 7. P. CD013196. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013196.pub2Cooper CB, Sirichana W, Arnold MT, et al. Remote patient monitoring for the detection of COPD exacerbations. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020;(15):2005-2013. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S256907Cooper C.B., Sirichana W., Arnold M.T., et al. Remote Patient Monitoring for the Detection of COPD Exacerbations // Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2020. N 15, P. 2005-2013. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S256907Strasser R. Rural health around the world: challenges and solutions. Fam Practice. 2003;20(4):457-463. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmg422Strasser R. Rural health around the world: challenges and solutions // Fam Practice. 2003. Vol. 20, N 4. P. 457-463. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmg422Hale A, Leah Haverhals LM, Manheim C, et al. Vet connect: a quality improvement program to provide telehealth subspecialty care for veterans residing in VA-contracted community nursing homes. Geriatrics. 2018;3(57):11. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics3030057Hale A., Leah Haverhals L.M., Manheim C., et al. Vet connect: a quality improvement program to provide telehealth subspecialty care for veterans residing in VA-contracted community nursing homes // Geriatrics. 2018. Vol. 3, N 57. P. 11. doi: 10.3390/geriatrics3030057Rogante M, Giacomozzi C, Grigioni M, et al. Telemedicine in palliative care: a review of systematic reviews. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2016;52(3):434–442. doi: 10.4415/ANN_16_03_16Rogante M., Giacomozzi C., Grigioni M., et al. Telemedicine in palliative care: a review of systematic reviews // Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2016. Vol. 52, N 3. P. 434–442. doi: 10.4415/ANN_16_03_16Hancock S, Preston N, Jones H, et al. Telehealth in palliative care is being described but not evaluated: a systematic review. BMC Palliat Care. 2019;18(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s12904-019-0495-5Hancock S., Preston N., Jones H., et al. Telehealth in palliative care is being described but not evaluated: a systematic review // BMC Palliat Care. 2019. Vol. 18, N 1. P. 114. doi: 10.1186/s12904-019-0495-5Rogante M, Giacomozzi C, Grigioni M, et al. Telemedicine in palliative care: a review of systematic reviews. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2016;52(3): 434-442. doi: 10.4415/ANN_16_03_16Rogante M., Giacomozzi C., Grigioni M., Kairy D. Telemedicine in palliative care: a review of systematic reviews // Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2016. Vol. 52, N 3. P. 434-442. doi: 10.4415/ANN_16_03_16Humphreys J, Schoenherr L, Elia G, et al. Rapid implementation of inpatient telepalliative medicine consultations during COVID-19 pandemic. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020;60(1):P.e54-e59. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.001Humphreys J., Schoenherr L., Elia G., et al. Rapid implementation of inpatient telepalliative medicine consultations during COVID-19 pandemic // J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020. Vol 60, N 1. P. e54-e59. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.001Vladzimirsky AV. Telemedicine. Donetsk: Digital printing house, 2011. (in Russ.) EDN: WFDJMNВладзимирский А.В. Телемедицина. Донецк: Цифровая типография, 2011. EDN: WFDJMNVladzimirsky AV, Gusev AV, Sharova DE, et al. Health information system maturity assessment methodology. Medical doctor and information technology. 2022;(3):68-86. EDN: JCTFJL doi: 10.25881/18110193_2022_3_68Владзимирский А.В., Гусев А. В., Шарова Д. Е., и др. Методика оценки уровня зрелости информационной системы для здравоохранения // Врач и информационные технологии. 2022. № 3. С. 68-84. EDN: JCTFJL doi: 10.25881/18110193_2022_3_68Vedehina OYu. Experience in organizing cardiological services at the outpatient clinic stage in rural areas. Clinical medicine and pharmacology. 2016;2(2):58-65. (in Russ.) EDN: WHHOQX doi: 10.12737/20990Ведехина О.Ю. Опыт организации кардиологической службы на амбулаторно-поликлиническом этапе в сельской местности // Клиническая медицина и фармакология. 2016. Т. 2, № 2. С. 58-65. EDN: WHHOQX doi: 10.12737/20990Namazova-Baranova LS, Suvorov RE, Smirnov IV, et al. Patient risk management based on remote health monitoring technologies: state of the field and prospects. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. 2015;70(1):82-89. (in Russ.) EDN: TKUYVF doi: 10.15690/vramn.v70i1.1235Намазова-Баранова Л.С., Суворов Р.Е., Смирнов И.В., и др. Управление рисками пациента на основе технологий удаленного мониторинга здоровья: состояние области и перспективы // Вестник Российской академии медицинских наук. 2015. Т. 70, № 1. C. 82-89. EDN: TKUYVF doi: 10.15690/vramn.v70i1.1235Karpov OE, Sveshnokov AV, Vorobiev AS. Modern methods of vital signs monitoring in the era of telemedicine. Manager of Health Care. 2016;(8):54-66. EDN: XCDZFLКарпов О.Э., Свешников А.В., Воробьев А.С. Новые методы мониторирования жизненно важных функций организма в эпоху телемедицины // Менеджер здравоохранения. 2016. №8. С. 54-66. EDN: XCDZFLDiedrich L, Dockweiler C, Kupitz A, et al.Telemonitoring in heart failure: Update on health-related and economic implications. Herz. 2018;43(4):298-309. doi: 10.1007/s00059-017-4579-9Diedrich L., Dockweiler C., Kupitz A., et al. Telemonitoring in heart failure: Update on health-related and economic implications // Herz. 2018. Vol. 43, N 4. P. 298-309. doi: 10.1007/s00059-017-4579-9Hashemi A, Nourbakhsh S, Tehrani P, et al. Remote telemonitoring of cardiovascular patients: Benefits, barriers, new suggestions. Artery Research. 2018;(22):57-63. doi: 10.1016/j.artres.2018.04.001Hashemi A., Nourbakhsh S., Tehrani P., et al. Remote telemonitoring of cardiovascular patients: Benefits, barriers, new suggestions // Artery Research. 2018. N 22. P. 57-63. doi: 10.1016/j.artres.2018.04.001