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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Sociology of Medicine</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Sociology of Medicine</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Социология медицины</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2810</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2942</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">114861</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/socm114861</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL SOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИКО-СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Multiple losses in families of children with cancer: A retrospective sociological analysis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Множественные утраты в семье ребёнка с онкологическим заболеванием: ретроспективный социологический анализ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3092-8892</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8370-4218</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guseva</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусева</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Soc.), clinical psychologist – head of the group</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.соц.н., клинический психолог – руководитель группы</p></bio><email>gusmarina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6899-7105</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8225-6360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukovskaya</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуковская</surname><given-names>Елена Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), head of the department</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., заведующая отделом</p></bio><email>elena_zhukovskay@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-462X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9128-6176</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebed</surname><given-names>Olga L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедь</surname><given-names>Ольга Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Sociol.), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.соц.н., доцент кафедры</p></bio><email>lebed_olga@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">D. Rogachev National Medical Research Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НМИЦ детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии им. Д. Рогачёва</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-01-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-01-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>147</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-26"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-09"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Guseva M.A., Zhukovskaya E.V., Lebed O.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Гусева М.А., Жуковская Е.В., Лебедь О.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Guseva M.A., Zhukovskaya E.V., Lebed O.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гусева М.А., Жуковская Е.В., Лебедь О.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-01-18"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjsocmed.com/1728-2810/article/view/114861">https://rjsocmed.com/1728-2810/article/view/114861</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND: </italic></bold>Current advances in medicine determine the higher survival rate of children with various nosological forms of malignant tumors, which shifts the focus of attention of specialists from the development of treatment protocols to the study of early and long-term effects of antitumor therapy in children and their families. One of the urgent problems of psychological and social rehabilitation in pediatric oncology is the analysis of the psycho-traumatic factors of treatment and the long-term medical and social consequences for the child’s family when developing a strategy for effective psychological support for this observation group at the treatment stage.</p> <p><bold><italic>OBJECTIVE:</italic> </bold>We aimed to study the specifics of living with losses in families raising a child with oncopathology and the features of the child’s re-adaptation and resocialization after overcoming an oncological disease (at the remission stage).</p> <p><italic><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> </italic>A retrospective analysis of data obtained in the course of a sociological study of parents (<italic>n</italic>=1298) whose children completed treatment for various malignant tumors is presented. The study, carried out by a questionnaire survey of mothers (<italic>n</italic>=1131) and fathers (<italic>n</italic>=167) living in 78 regions of Russia, made it possible to qualify the problems of family members of a child with cancer in terms of multiple loss and grief and substantiate the strategy of psychological assistance to this group.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> During the establishment of the oncological diagnosis of the child and their antitumor treatment, the family experiences some traumatic events associated with drastic changes in their lives. According to the findings of the study, the deterioration in normal life concerns health (in total, a third of the respondents: 12.9% of mothers noted a deterioration in their general health and in 15.2% of women, serious reproductive health disorders); work (leaving and dismissal from work affected 25.3% of mothers and 2% of fathers, 11.4% of mothers and 9.6% of fathers were forced to change their job or place of work); and a drop in the level of family income (the proportion of low-income families in the sample was significantly higher than in the Russian population as a whole — 41.8 and 31.4%, respectively, social benefits and pensions accounted for a significant share of income in 57.3% of female respondents and 26.3% of men, and there were changes in life prospects due to graduation, relocation, divorce, and severance of relations with relatives and friends). Each of these events is perceived as stress/loss and triggers a grieving process in family members (primarily parents) that requires the professional help of a clinical psychologist. In general, the range of events triggering the grieving process in the families of the study group is much wider, but the quality and volume of psychological care in domestic cancer hospitals are still extremely low.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic></bold> The dynamics of the development of psychological and social rehabilitation in domestic pediatric oncology determine the need to develop strategies and methods of psychological support for family members of a sick child at the treatment stage, taking into account the early and long-term medical and social consequences of antitumor therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование.</italic></bold> Успехи медицины на современном этапе определяют высокую выживаемость детей с разными нозологическими формами злокачественных опухолей, что смещает фокус внимания специалистов с разработки лечебных протоколов на изучение ранних и отдалённых эффектов противоопухолевой терапии у ребёнка и его семьи. Одной из актуальных проблем психолого-социальной реабилитации в детской онкологии является анализ психотравмирующих факторов лечения и отдалённых медико-социальных последствий для семьи ребёнка при разработке стратегии эффективного психологического сопровождения этой группы наблюдения на этапе лечения.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель. </italic></bold>Изучить специфику проживания утрат в семьях, воспитывающих ребёнка с онкопатологией, а также особенности его реадаптации и ресоциализации после преодоления онкологического заболевания (на этапе ремиссии).</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic> </bold>Представлен ретроспективный анализ данных, полученных в ходе социологического исследования родителей (<italic>n</italic>=1298), чьи дети окончили лечение по поводу разных злокачественных опухолей. Исследование, выполненное методом анкетного опроса матерей (<italic>n</italic>=1131) и отцов (<italic>n</italic>=167), проживающих в 78 регионах России, позволило квалифицировать проблемы членов семьи ребёнка с онкологическим заболеванием в терминах множественной утраты и горевания и обосновать стратегию психологической помощи этой группе населения.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic> </bold>В период установления онкологического диагноза ребёнку и его противоопухолевого лечения семья переживает ряд психотравмирующих событий, связанных с кардинальными изменениями в их жизни. Согласно данным проведённого исследования, ухудшения в нормальной жизнедеятельности касаются здоровья (суммарно 1/3 опрошенных; 12,9% матерей отметили ухудшение общего состояния здоровья, 15,2% женщин — серьёзные нарушения репродуктивного здоровья); трудовой деятельности (уход и увольнение с работы коснулось 25,3% матерей и 2% отцов, 11,4% и матерей и 9,6% отцов вынужденно поменяли специальность или место работы); падения уровня дохода семьи (доля семей с низкими доходами в выборке оказалась существенно больше, чем в общероссийской популяции — 41,8 и 31,4% соответственно, а социальные пособия и пенсии составили значимую долю доходов у 57,3% женщин и 26,3% мужчин-респондентов); изменения жизненных перспектив из-за прекращения учёбы, переезда, а также разводов, разрыва отношений с родственниками и друзьями. Каждое из перечисленных событий воспринимается как стресс / утрата и инициирует процесс горевания у членов семьи (прежде всего, родителей), требующий профессиональной помощи клинического психолога. В целом спектр событий, запускающий процесс горевания в семьях исследуемой группы, значительно шире, однако качество и объём психологической помощи в отечественных онкологических стационарах всё еще остаются крайне низкими.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic> </bold>Динамика развития психолого-социальной реабилитации в отечественной детской онкологии определяет необходимость разработки стратегии и методов психологического сопровождения членов семьи больного ребёнка на этапе лечения с учётом ранних и отдалённых медико-социальных последствий противоопухолевой терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pediatric oncology</kwd><kwd>psychological and social rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>medical and social problems of the family</kwd><kwd>loss and grief</kwd><kwd>psychological support</kwd><kwd>children with disabilities and oncological diseases</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>детская онкология</kwd><kwd>психолого-социальная реабилитация</kwd><kwd>медико-социальные проблемы семьи</kwd><kwd>утрата и горевание</kwd><kwd>психологическое сопровождение</kwd><kwd>дети-инвалиды с онкологическими заболеваниями</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Statistika po detskoi zabolevaemosti v Rossii, otchet 2019 goda [Internet]. 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