Sociology of MedicineSociology of MedicineСоциология медицины1728-28102413-2942Eco-Vector10037210.17816/1728-2810-20-1-91ArticlesСтатьиReview ArticleDigital space and its influence on the lifestyle and health of students: A literature reviewЦифровое пространство и его влияние на образ жизни и здоровье учащейся молодежи (обзор литературы)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3557-3867ShubochkinaEvgeniya I.ШубочкинаЕвгения Ивановна
Russian Federation

MD, As. Prof.

д.м.н., доцент

evshub@yandex.ruMedical Research Center of Children’s HealthНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр здоровья детей1506202120189980802202208022022Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2021, ООО "Эко-Вектор"2021Eco-VectorООО "Эко-Вектор"https://rjsocmed.com/1728-2810/article/view/100372

This article presents an analytical review of international publications, for the period from 2012 to 2020, that focused on the influence of the digital space as a new social factor that changes the lifestyle of the younger generation and creates new health risks. The literature search was conducted in PubMed using the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Digital technologies provide positive opportunities of online education of students and schoolchildren, including greater availability of educational and preventive programs. The main health risks associated with the intensive use of digital technologies in education and leisure include manifestations of visual overstrain (computer visual syndrome), disorders of the musculoskeletal system (pain in the neck, back, and hands), and negative lifestyle changes. Adolescents are more susceptible than adults to such negative consequences of intensive use of digital space, which leads to the development of Internet addiction, sleep disorders, eating disorders, psychosocial manifestations, poor academic performance, depressive symptoms, and aggressive behavior. Aggressive behaviors of some young people in the Internet space include harassment (cyber-bullying) and sending sexual messages (sexting) accompanied by cyber-attacks. Against the background of the growing use of digital tools, including the availability of smartphones, parents, teaching, and medical staff of universities and schools should provide early prevention interventions of the above-mentioned negative phenomena. Preventive online programs can be used by college students during the period of adaptation to new learning conditions to reduce alcohol consumption, smoking, and formation of stereotypes of proper nutrition.

В статье представлен аналитический обзор международных публикаций за период c 2012 по 2020 г., посвященных изучению влияния цифрового пространства как нового социального фактора, меняющего образ жизни молодого поколения и создающего новые риски здоровью. Поиск проводился в PubMed с использованием The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science. Показаны позитивные возможности онлайн обучения студентов и школьников, включая большую доступность образовательных и профилактических программ. Рассмотрены основные риски здоровью, связанные с интенсивным использованием цифровых технологий при обучении и досуге: проявления зрительного перенапряжения (компьютерный зрительный синдром), нарушения со стороны опорно-двигательного аппарата (боли в шее, спине, кистях рук), негативное изменение образа жизни. Показана более высокая подверженность подростков по сравнению со взрослыми таким негативным последствиям интенсивного использования цифрового пространства, как формирование интернет-зависимости, нарушения сна, пищевые расстройства, психосоциальные проявления, ухудшение успеваемости, депрессивные симптомы, агрессивное поведение. Рассмотрены особенности и распространенность таких форм агрессивного поведения части молодежи в интернет-пространстве, как преследование (кибербуллинг), рассылка сексуальных сообщений (секстинг), сопровождающиеся появлением их кибержертв. На фоне роста использования цифровых средств, включая доступность смартфонов, показана необходимость ранней профилактики выше указанных негативных явлений со стороны родителей, педагогического и медицинского персонала университетов и школ. Представлены результаты профилактических онлайн программ для студентов колледжей в период адаптации к новым условиям обучения для снижения употребления алкоголя и курения, формирования стереотипов правильного питания.

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